Biological Sciences, BA BA
Biology is the study of life. Biologists analyze organism functions at the cellular and molecular levels using genetics, biochemistry, and microscopy. They also study interactions between organisms and with the environment by examining behavior, morphology, physiology and genetics. Students can take a broad curriculum within Biological Sciences or focus on specific areas, such as ecology, evolution and behavior, cell and molecular biology, or microbiology. Studies in Biological Sciences have applications across many areas including agriculture, medicine, and the environment. Biological Sciences is a popular choice for students preparing for careers in healthcare, agriculture, natural resources and environmental sciences, food management, bioremediation, as well as the biomedical and biotechnology fields. A degree in Biological Sciences also prepares students for professional careers in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, veterinary science, and education, and graduate studies in the life sciences.
Related Areas of Study
The Conservation and Environmental Science major is an alternative, interdisciplinary program for students with specific interests in conservation or environmental science.
Career Resources and Job Outcomes
Program Type
Major
Program Format
On Campus
Listed below are the requirements for the Biological Sciences major. In addition to the requirements for the major, students must also satisfy all university and college general degree requirements. Degree requirements will vary depending on when you took your first college class. We encourage you to consult your advisor regularly to ensure you stay on track towards earning your degree. You can read more about the degree requirements on the L&S Degree Requirements web pages.
Biological Sciences Major Requirements
The Biological Sciences major requires the following:
- A minimum of 34 credits in Biological Sciences, of which 26 must be at the advanced (300 and above) level.
- At least 15 of the advanced credits must be taken in residence at UWM.
- Completion of four (4) laboratory courses.
- A GPA of 2.0 in Biological Sciences courses attempted at UWM.
- A GPA of at least 2.0 in all major credits attempted, including any transfer work.
No more than eight (8) credits in 100-level courses in Biological Sciences may be applied toward the major, and students may not combine BIO SCI 150, BIO SCI 202, and BIO SCI 203 for more than 9 credits toward the major. A combined limit of 6 credits in the following list count towards the major:
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Independent Study and Research: | ||
| Internship in Biological Sciences, Upper Division | ||
| Independent Study in Freshwater Sciences for Biological Sciences Students | ||
| Independent Study in Cell and Molecular Biology | ||
| Independent Study in Microbiology | ||
| Independent Study | ||
| Research in Honors | ||
| Senior Honors Project | ||
| Senior Honors Thesis |
At least 20 credits at the advanced level (300 and above) must be taken in the BIO SCI courses.
Students who plan to attend graduate or professional schools are advised to take the one-year sequence of Organic Chemistry with lab, a course in Biochemistry (CHEM 501), and two semesters of Calculus. For those pursuing the General or Cell and Molecular Biology option, CHEM 501 will also count towards the major.
Listed below are the foundational requirements for the three options, followed by the Biological Sciences major requirements for the three options:
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Math Foundation | ||
| MATH 105 | Introduction to College Algebra (or equivalent) | 3 |
| Physics Foundation | ||
| For students choosing the General Biology Option or the Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB) Option, take these courses: | 9-10 | |
| General Physics I (Non-Calculus Treatment) | ||
| General Physics II (Non-Calculus Treatment) | ||
| General Physics Laboratory I (Non-Calculus Treatment) (at least one semester) | ||
or PHYSICS 123 | General Physics Laboratory II (Non-Calculus Treatment) | |
| For students choosing the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) Option, select at least one of the following options: | 3-5 | |
| Our Physical Environment | ||
| Introduction to the Earth | ||
| Evolution of the Earth | ||
| A History of Life | ||
| Introduction to Ocean Sciences | ||
| General Physics I (Non-Calculus Treatment) and General Physics Laboratory I (Non-Calculus Treatment) | ||
| General Physics II (Non-Calculus Treatment) and General Physics Laboratory II (Non-Calculus Treatment) | ||
| Chemistry Foundation | ||
| Part A: | ||
| For all Biological Sciences majors | 10 | |
| General Chemistry | ||
| General Chemistry and Qualitative Analysis | ||
| Part B (required for students choosing the General Biology Option or the Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB) Option): 1,2 | ||
| Select one of the following options: | 5-8 | |
| Option 1: | ||
| Introductory Survey of Organic Chemistry | ||
| Introductory Organic Chemistry Laboratory | ||
| Option 2: | ||
| Organic Chemistry | ||
| Organic Chemistry Laboratory | ||
| Organic Chemistry | ||
- 1
For students choosing the Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB) option, CHEM 343, CHEM 344, and CHEM 345 are required, and a second physics lab is strongly recommended.
- 2
For students choosing the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) Option, there is no Organic Chemistry (Part B) requirement, though it is advised for certain subfields. Consultation with your departmental advisor is strongly recommended, particularly for students who plan to attend graduate or professional schools.
General Biology Option
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Required Biological Sciences Courses | ||
| BIO SCI 150 | Foundations of Biological Sciences I | 4 |
| BIO SCI 152 | Foundations of Biological Sciences II | 4 |
| BIO SCI 325 | Genetics | 4 |
| Select at least one of the following: | 4-5 | |
| General Ecology | ||
| Cell Biology and Laboratory in Genetics and Cell Biology | ||
| General Microbiology | ||
| Research Requirement 1 | ||
| Select one of the following: | 1-6 | |
| Seminar on Recent Advances in Limnology and Oceanography | ||
| Senior Seminar in Biological Sciences | ||
| Undergraduate Seminar in Microbiology | ||
| Undergraduate Seminar in Cell and Molecular Biology | ||
| Research in Honors | ||
| Senior Honors Project | ||
| Senior Honors Thesis | ||
| Independent Study in Freshwater Sciences for Biological Sciences Students | ||
| Independent Study in Cell and Molecular Biology | ||
| Independent Study in Microbiology | ||
| Independent Study | ||
| Research option for Biological Sciences/CES double majors only: | ||
| Practicum in Natural Resources Management | ||
| Laboratory Course Requirement | ||
| A total of 4 labs courses are required for the major. This requirement may be satisfied by the courses listed above; if not, select additional lab courses from the list below. | 1-4 | |
| Anatomy and Physiology I | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology II | ||
| General Ecology (if not selected above) | ||
| Laboratory in Genetics and Cell Biology (if not selected above) | ||
| General Microbiology (if not selected above) | ||
| Birds of Wisconsin | ||
| Field Methods in Conservation | ||
| Plant and Aquatic Ecophysiology Laboratory | ||
| Laboratory Techniques in Molecular Biology | ||
| Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory | ||
| Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory | ||
| Experimental Microbiology | ||
| Electives | ||
| Select electives to reach a minimum of 34 credits in Biological Sciences, of which 26 must be at the advanced (300 and above) level. 2, 3 | 16 | |
| Total Credits | 34-43 | |
- 1
All courses taught as independent studies intended to fulfill the research requirement must have prior departmental approval.
- 2
Up to six credits from the following courses may be counted as electives in the major: CHEM 501, ANTHRO 301, BMS 534, BMS 535, PSYCH 254, and PSYCH 654.
- 3
Students may elect to take these SFS courses (FRSHWTR 511, FRSHWTR 563, and FRSHWTR 567) to earn credit toward the Biology major.
Cell and Molecular Biology Option
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Core Courses | ||
| BIO SCI 150 | Foundations of Biological Sciences I | 4 |
| BIO SCI 152 | Foundations of Biological Sciences II | 4 |
| BIO SCI 315 | Cell Biology | 3 |
| BIO SCI 316 | Laboratory in Genetics and Cell Biology | 2 |
| BIO SCI 325 | Genetics | 4 |
| Laboratory Course Requirement | ||
| Select at least one of the following: | 1-4 | |
| Anatomy and Physiology II | ||
| General Microbiology | ||
| Plant and Aquatic Ecophysiology Laboratory | ||
| Laboratory Techniques in Molecular Biology | ||
| Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory | ||
| Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory | ||
| Experimental Microbiology | ||
| Research Requirement 1 | ||
| BIO SCI 672 | Undergraduate Seminar in Cell and Molecular Biology | 1-3 |
| or BIO SCI 697 | Independent Study in Cell and Molecular Biology | |
| Electives | ||
| Select additional Cell and Molecular Biology courses to reach a minimum of 34 credits in Biological Sciences, of which 26 must be at the advanced (300 and above) level. | 15 | |
| Mammalian Reproductive Biology | ||
| Developmental Biology | ||
| Mammalian Physiology | ||
| Immunology | ||
| General Virology | ||
| Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neurobiology | ||
| Molecular Genetics | ||
| Genetics of Development and Cancer | ||
| Plant Physiology | ||
| Molecular Biology of Microorganisms | ||
| Bacterial Pathogenesis | ||
| Microbial Diversity and Physiology | ||
| Biological Electron Microscopy | ||
| Endocrinology | ||
| Gene Regulation in Stem Cells and Regeneration | ||
| Cell Biology of Human Disease | ||
| Functional Genomics | ||
| Introduction to Biochemistry | ||
| Total Credits | 34-39 | |
- 1
All courses taught as independent studies intended to fulfill the research requirement must have prior departmental approval.
Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Option
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Required Biological Sciences Courses | ||
| BIO SCI 150 | Foundations of Biological Sciences I | 4 |
| BIO SCI 152 | Foundations of Biological Sciences II | 4 |
| BIO SCI 310 | General Ecology | 4 |
| BIO SCI 325 | Genetics | 4 |
| BIO SCI 465 | Biostatistics | 3 |
| Laboratory Course Requirement | ||
| Select at least one of the following: | 2-4 | |
| Birds of Wisconsin | ||
| General Microbiology | ||
| Field Methods in Conservation | ||
| Plant and Aquatic Ecophysiology Laboratory | ||
| Introduction to Programming and Modeling in Ecology and Evolution | ||
| Laboratory Techniques in Molecular Biology | ||
| Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory | ||
| Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory | ||
| Research Requirement 1 | ||
| Select one of the following | 1-6 | |
| Seminar on Recent Advances in Limnology and Oceanography | ||
| Senior Seminar in Biological Sciences | ||
| Independent Study in Freshwater Sciences for Biological Sciences Students | ||
| Independent Study | ||
| Practicum in Natural Resources Management | ||
| Research in Honors | ||
| Senior Honors Project | ||
| Senior Honors Thesis | ||
| Additional Electives | ||
| Select electives to reach a minimum of 34 credits in Biological Sciences, of which 26 must be at the advanced (300 and above) level. | 12 | |
| Mammalian Physiology | ||
| Immunology | ||
| Marine Biology | ||
| Ecology and Evolution of Amphibians and Reptiles | ||
| Community Ecology | ||
| Genomic Data Analysis | ||
| Ecological Genetics | ||
| Plant Physiology | ||
| Conservation Biology | ||
| Limnology I | ||
| Behavioral Ecology | ||
| Microbial Diversity and Physiology | ||
| Topics in Field Biology: | ||
| Evolutionary Biology | ||
| Ichthyology 2 | ||
| Total Credits | 34-41 | |
- 1
All courses taught as independent studies intended to fulfill the research requirement must have prior departmental approval.
- 2
Students may elect to take SFS course FRSHWTR 511 to earn credit toward the EEB option.
Letters & Science Advising
During your time at UWM, you may have multiple members of your success team, including advisors, peer mentors and success coaches. Letters & Science students typically work with at least two different types of advisors as they pursue their degrees: professional college advisors and faculty advisors. L&S college advisors advise across your entire degree program while departmental faculty advisors focus on the major.
College advisors are located in Holton Hall (or virtually for online students) and serve as your primary advisor. They are your point person for your questions about navigating college and completing your degree. College advisors will:
- Assist you in defining your academic and life goals.
- Help you create an educational plan that is consistent with those goals.
- Assist you in understanding curriculum, major and degree requirements for graduation, as well as university policies and procedures.
- Provide you with information about campus and community resources and refer you to those resources as appropriate.
- Monitor your progress toward graduation and completion of requirements.
Faculty advisors mentor students in the major and assist them in maximizing their development in the program. You will begin working with a faculty advisor when you declare your major. Faculty advisors are an important partner and will:
- Help you understand major requirements and course offerings in the department.
- Explain opportunities for internships and undergraduate research and guide you in obtaining those experiences.
- Serve as an excellent resource as you consider potential graduate programs and career paths in your field.
Students are encouraged to meet with both their college advisor and faculty advisor at least once each semester. Appointments are available in-person, by phone or by video.
Currently enrolled students should use the Navigate360 website to make an appointment with your assigned advisor or call (414) 229-4654 if you do not currently have an assigned Letters & Science advisor. Prospective students who haven't enrolled in classes yet should call (414) 229-7711 or email let-sci@uwm.edu.
Department Advising
Students should contact an advisor as soon as possible in their freshman year about required courses and the recommended course sequence within Biological Sciences programs. The student should attend fall or spring departmental Open Advising or contact a Department of Biological Sciences faculty advisor who will then guide the student in planning their course choices to accomplish their goals. Students should consult their College academic advisors in Holton Hall and their faculty advisors in the Department of Biological Sciences prior to each registration period.
Major or Minor Declaration
Biological Sciences students should be enrolled in BIO SCI 150 before officially declaring a major in Biological Sciences. Students can declare a major or minor by contacting a faculty advisor in Biological Sciences or attending fall or spring departmental Open Advising. Students can declare more than one major or a combination of major and minors.
Failure to complete a declaration of major may result in a delay in graduation.
We encourage you to begin exploring career options when you declare your major or at the start of your sophomore year, whichever comes first.