{"id":2075,"date":"2022-08-04T10:39:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-04T15:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/yiddish-stage\/?p=2075"},"modified":"2023-06-16T10:58:46","modified_gmt":"2023-06-16T15:58:46","slug":"the-yiddish-art-theatre-repertoire-ten-new-synopses-for-plotting-yiddish-drama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/yiddish-stage\/the-yiddish-art-theatre-repertoire-ten-new-synopses-for-plotting-yiddish-drama\/","title":{"rendered":"The Yiddish Art Theatre Repertoire: Ten New Synopses for Plotting Yiddish Drama"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

ASPIRING YIDDISH PLAYWRIGHT\u00a0Chone Gottesfeld<\/a>\u00a0(1890\u20131964) was a man with a plan. He wanted to get his play\u00a0Raykhe kaptsonim\u00a0<\/em>(Rich Paupers) produced, but he didn\u2019t like the advice he got from Yiddish theatre professionals. The villain needs to come on stage earlier, so the audience has someone to boo? The stars need to say most of the dialogue because they\u2019re paid the highest? Gottesfeld had no patience for this market-driven advice. He wanted to create art! Only one man could help him, and that man was\u00a0Maurice Schwartz<\/a>\u00a0(1890\u20131960), the director of New York\u2019s Yiddish Art Theatre. As Gottesfeld recounts in his memoirs: \u201cI had no choice. The directors that I had approached were men of vulgar tastes, devoid of any culture and refinement. Schwartz, in contrast, was a refined man. He produced nothing but classical plays. He was a connoisseur, and his opinion was to be reckoned with. If he said that my piece lacked merit and that I evinced no aptitude for playwriting, I would quit writing plays.\u201d1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gottesfeld had rented a room in the Yiddish writers and artists\u2019 colony\u00a0Sea Gate<\/a>\u00a0(near Coney Island, New York) from playwright\u00a0Sholem Perlmutter<\/a>, and Schwartz was a frequent guest. Unfortunately, when Schwartz heard that Gottesfeld had written a play, he started avoiding him: \u201cHe was tired of reading new scripts and shuddered at the prospect of having to read another trite piece.\u201d2<\/a><\/sup> Only Gottesfeld\u2019s promise not to ask Schwartz to read his play restored friendly relations between the men, but now Gottesfeld was getting desperate. He resorted to unusual measures to ask Schwartz for an audience: Gottesfeld accosted the director during his morning swim in the Atlantic Ocean. Although Schwartz first jokingly accused Gottesfeld of threatening to drown him, he soon became enthusiastic about the possibility of having discovered a great writer while swimming in the ocean: \u201cDo you realize what it will mean to you if I produce your play in the Art Theatre? Why, this is the best theatre in the world. Overnight you become a celebrity.\u201d3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n

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Scene from the Yiddish Art Theatre stage production of\u00a0Kiddush Hashem<\/em>. Source: Billy Rose Theatre Collection photograph file, The New York Public Library.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

From 1918\u20131950, Schwartz\u2019s\u00a0Yiddish Art Theatre<\/a>\u00a0set the standard for Yiddish theatre in New York. In his 1918 manifesto in the\u00a0Forverts\u00a0<\/em>(Yiddish Daily Forward) newspaper, Schwartz laid out his goals for his new theatre company, including \u201cplay good dramas, fine comedies, worthy farces, and nice operettas. And if a melodrama must be played, it must have interest and logic.\u201d4<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0With the encouragement of his colleague\u00a0Jacob Ben-Ami<\/a>\u00a0(1890\u20131977), Schwartz sought to elevate Yiddish theatre through a repertoire of literary plays, both Yiddish originals and translations of European drama. The first season alone included plays by\u00a0George Bernard Shaw<\/a>,\u00a0Friedrich Schiller<\/a>,\u00a0Oscar Wilde<\/a>,\u00a0Leo Tolstoy<\/a>,\u00a0Jacob Gordin<\/a>,\u00a0David Pinski<\/a>,\u00a0Moshe Nadir<\/a>,\u00a0Leon Kobrin<\/a>, and other less celebrated writers.While this impressive repertoire was not unusual for theatre companies in this period, it made the lengthy rehearsal periods of a proper art theatre impossible to achieve. Ben-Ami and other dissident actors created a second art theatre, billed as the Jewish Art Theatre in English, or\u00a0Naye teater<\/em>\u00a0(New Theatre) in Yiddish. Yet Schwartz\u2019s Yiddish Art Theatre proved to be more enduring, and was in fact one of the longest-lasting Yiddish theatre companies in Yiddish theatre history. It produced Yiddish classics by\u00a0Avrom Goldfaden<\/a>,\u00a0Sholem Aleichem<\/a>, and Gordin, new works by contemporary dramatists, literary adaptations, European Yiddish theatrical hits, and translations of major works from the non-Yiddish theatre. The Yiddish Art Theatre\u2019s greatest success was its dramatization of I. J. Singer\u2019s\u00a0Yoshe Kalb<\/em><\/a>, which was first performed in the 1932\u201333 season and frequently revived.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Yoshe Kalb<\/em>, Adapted by Maurice Schwartz from the Novel by I.J. Singer, Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library. Source: NYPL Digital Collections.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ever since our team at the Digital Yiddish Theatre Project started Plotting Yiddish Drama, we knew that Schwartz\u2019s Yiddish Art Theatre would be an important resource. Along with scripts, reviews, photographs, and correspondence, Schwartz\u2019s papers at the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research (RG 498<\/a>) contain programs and playbills for the Yiddish Art Theatre\u2019s extensive repertoire. Many of these programs and playbills include English-language plot synopses of both celebrated plays and works that shed light on the topics that interested theatre-goers. During visits to YIVO, I transcribed these synopses (and edited them for style) in order to take them out of the archive and into the digital database. In other words, these vintage playbills form the basis of the latest batch of Plotting Yiddish Drama plot synopses. The ten new plot summaries show the range of plays Schwartz produced\u2014from well-known Yiddish theatre\u00a0classics<\/a>\u00a0to adaptations of renowned\u00a0works<\/a>\u00a0of Yiddish\u00a0literature<\/a>\u00a0or to more tendentious plays that depict a particular historical\u00a0moment<\/a>\u00a0(we didn\u2019t include works that were translated into Yiddish from other languages). Dramas include Sholem Asch\u2019s dramatization of the Chmielnicki Massacres\u00a0Kiddush Hashem<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(martyrdom), Jacob Prager\u2019s folksy comedy\u00a0Der vaser-treger<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(The Water Carrier), Elias Gilner\u2019s\u00a0Dos kol fun yisroel<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>(The Voice of Israel<\/em>) about the founding of the state of Israel, and H. Leivick\u2019s\u00a0\u201cVer iz ver?\u201d<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>(Who Is Who<\/em>), which dramatizes the experiences of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. This varied selection helps flesh out the synopses currently available on PYD, although we can\u2019t claim it is comprehensive or fully representative\u2013\u2013there are no plays by women writers, for instance, and the selection skews towards literary adaptations. Even this current group is not exhaustive of the Yiddish Art Theatre repertoire\u2013\u2013stay tuned for more (edited) old-time synopses in future PYD updates.<\/p>\n\n\n

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A seaside scene depicting Yiddish theatre financial woes and Maurice Schwartz. Source:\u00a0Der groyser kundes<\/em>, September 18, 1925, 8. Image courtesy of Alona Bach.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

According to Gottesfeld, Schwartz wanted to produce \u201c\u2019a good, honest-to-goodness play depicting Jewish life.\u2019\u201d5<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0While he ultimately didn\u2019t stage\u00a0Raykhe kaptsonim<\/em>, we\u2019ll leave it to you to decide if the dramas he chose fulfilled that goal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Notes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Chone Gottesfeld,\u00a0Tales of the Old World and the New<\/em>, trans. Jacob Richman (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, [n.d.]), 236.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Chone Gottesfeld,\u00a0Tales of the Old World and the New<\/em>, 234.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Chone Gottesfeld, 237.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Nahma Sandrow,\u00a0Vagabond Stars: A World History of Yiddish Theater<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup>. Ed. (Syracuse University Press, 1996), 262. See also 261\u201374 for more about the Yiddish Art Theatre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Gottesfeld,\u00a0Tales of the Old World and the New<\/em>, 238-39.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The Yiddish Art Theatre in Plotting Yiddish Drama.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":2079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[46,16,40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-early-20th-century","category-impersarios","category-theatre-troupes"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Yiddish Art Theatre Repertoire: Ten New Synopses for Plotting Yiddish Drama - Digital Yiddish Theatre Project<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/yiddish-stage\/the-yiddish-art-theatre-repertoire-ten-new-synopses-for-plotting-yiddish-drama\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Yiddish Art Theatre Repertoire: Ten New Synopses for Plotting Yiddish Drama\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Yiddish Art Theatre in Plotting Yiddish Drama.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/yiddish-stage\/the-yiddish-art-theatre-repertoire-ten-new-synopses-for-plotting-yiddish-drama\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Digital Yiddish Theatre Project\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-04T15:39:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-16T15:58:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/yiddish-stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/562\/2023\/06\/Schwartz-maurice.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"955\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"streich@uwm.edu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"streich@uwm.edu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/yiddish-stage\\\/the-yiddish-art-theatre-repertoire-ten-new-synopses-for-plotting-yiddish-drama\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/yiddish-stage\\\/the-yiddish-art-theatre-repertoire-ten-new-synopses-for-plotting-yiddish-drama\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"streich@uwm.edu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/yiddish-stage\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/acb308ee9146d2d003cc0dfb2a5f08f9\"},\"headline\":\"The Yiddish Art Theatre Repertoire: Ten New Synopses for Plotting Yiddish Drama\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-04T15:39:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-16T15:58:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/yiddish-stage\\\/the-yiddish-art-theatre-repertoire-ten-new-synopses-for-plotting-yiddish-drama\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1081,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/yiddish-stage\\\/the-yiddish-art-theatre-repertoire-ten-new-synopses-for-plotting-yiddish-drama\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/yiddish-stage\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/562\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/Schwartz-maurice.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Early 20th Century\",\"Impresarios\",\"Theatre Troupes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/yiddish-stage\\\/the-yiddish-art-theatre-repertoire-ten-new-synopses-for-plotting-yiddish-drama\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/yiddish-stage\\\/the-yiddish-art-theatre-repertoire-ten-new-synopses-for-plotting-yiddish-drama\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Yiddish Art Theatre Repertoire: Ten New Synopses for Plotting Yiddish Drama - 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