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SUMMARY:Physics Colloquium: Keith Vanderlinde
DESCRIPTION:Cosmology\, Cell Phones & Video Games: Mapping Dark Energy with CHIME\nProf. Keith Vanderlinde\, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics\, University of Toronto \nAmong the great surprises of modern cosmology was the discovery of Dark Energy\, which dominates the energy budget of the Universe and is driving the acceleration of its expansion rate. Decyphering its properties and nature will require novel measurements spanning vast swaths of the observable Universe. In this talk\, I will introduce the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME)\, an ambitious project to study Dark Energy by tracing out 4 billion years of cosmic history\, using a purpose-built radio telescope at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in B.C.’s Okanagan Valley. \nHydrogen Intensity (HI) mapping uses redshifted 21cm emission from neutral hydrogen as a 3D tracer of Large Scale Structure (LSS) in the Universe.  Imprinted in the LSS is a remnant of acoustic waves which propagated through the primordial plasma of the nascent cosmos.  This “Baryon Acoustic Oscillation” (BAO) feature\, which appears as a spatial correlation of LSS\, can be used as a standard ruler to trace the expansion history of the Universe\, thereby allowing us to constrain the Dark Energy equation of state. \nCHIME is a transit interferometer with no moving parts\, which uses a massive computing backend to image the radio sky from 400-800MHz\, corresponding to 21cm radiation emanating from a redshift range of 0.8 < z < 2.5.  Earth rotation sweeps its field of view across the sky\, resulting in complete daily coverage of the northern celestial hemisphere and an unprecedented survey sensitivity.  I will discuss the motivation\, design\, and progress on CHIME and its reduced-scale Pathfinder\, as well as a pair of extensions which will probe the high-cadence time-domain radio sky\, monitoring radio pulsars and exploring a more recent mystery in radio astronomy\, the possibly-cosmological Fast Radio Bursts.
URL:https://uwm.edu/physics/event/physics-colloquium-keith-vanderlinde/
LOCATION:Lapham 162\, 3209 N. Maryland Ave.\, Milwaukee\, 53211
CATEGORIES:Physics Colloquia
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SUMMARY:Physics Colloquium: Jeffrey Donatelli
DESCRIPTION:New Approaches to Structure Determination from Uncrystallized Biomolecules\nJeffrey Donatelli\, Lawrence Berkeley Lab \nThe development of X-ray free-electron lasers has enabled new experiments for studying uncrystallized biomolecules that were previously infeasible with traditional X-ray sources. One such emerging experimental technique is fluctuation X-ray scattering (FXS)\, where one collects a series of diffraction patterns\, each from multiple particles in solution\, using ultrashort X-ray pulses that allow snapshots to be taken below rotational diffusion times of the particles. The resulting images contain angularly varying information from which angular correlations can be computed\, yielding several orders of magnitude more information than traditional solution scattering methods. In another technique known as single-particle diffraction (SPD)\, one collects several diffraction patterns\, each from a single particle at a random orientation. In both experiments\, determining molecular structure is challenging\, since\, in addition to solving the classical phase problem\, one must also recover a 3D diffraction volume from a set of noisy 2D images taken from randomly oriented particles.  \nIn this talk\, we present the multi-tiered iterative phasing (M-TIP) algorithm for determining molecular structure from both FXS and SPD data\, and show results from applying M-TIP to both simulated and experimental data.
URL:https://uwm.edu/physics/event/physics-colloquium-jeffrey-donatelli/
LOCATION:Lapham 160\, 3209 N. Maryland Ave.\, Milwaukee\, WI\, 53211\, United States
CATEGORIES:Physics Colloquia
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