{"id":85647,"date":"2020-09-30T11:47:24","date_gmt":"2020-09-30T16:47:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=85647"},"modified":"2021-10-11T13:00:49","modified_gmt":"2021-10-11T18:00:49","slug":"building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/","title":{"rendered":"Building a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya"},"content":{"rendered":"

In Kenya, a country where one in four people lacks access to electricity, charcoal is a staple fuel source. It\u2019s light, small, easy to store, burns longer and hotter than wood, and is nearly smokeless.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s also speeding up the country\u2019s deforestation.<\/p>\n

\u201cSo, (we wanted) to see if there was a difference in charcoal yield from different species of trees that they were growing in the area,\u201d said Jacob Rankin. \u201cWe were trying to determine if there was a significant difference in yield \u2013 if Kenyans can make charcoal more efficiently with a particular tree versus another.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
Emily Ruder confers with students and conservationists from the Drylands Natural Resource Centre. (Photo courtesy of Jacob Rankin)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rankin and his research partner, Emily Ruder, graduated from UWM this spring with majors in conservation and environmental science. Last summer, though, the pair spent two months in Kenya experimenting with charcoal production techniques at the Drylands Natural Resource Centre<\/a>, a nongovernmental organization in Mbumbuni, Kenya, that promotes sustainability practices in agriculture and land management.<\/p>\n

\u201cHopefully our research provides them with some more knowledge of their local resources to improve the way they do things \u2013 more sustainably,\u201d Rankin said.<\/p>\n

Baking a briquette<\/h3>\n

Most Americans thinking about charcoal will envision a Kingsford bag next to a Weber grill.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn Kenya, it\u2019s a little bit more rugged,\u201d Ruder said. \u201cTo make charcoal, you need an organic material, and you need to cut it off from any access to oxygen, and then put it under super-high heat. You can make charcoal out of any kind of organic material, as long as it\u2019s thick enough.\u201d<\/p>\n

Traditionally, Kenyans and other cultures around the world have made charcoal using earth mounds \u2013 piles of dirt where they bury branches and logs to prevent exposure to oxygen. Then, they light a fire beneath the mound and wait for the high heat to carbonize the buried wood.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe problem with that way of production is that it contributes to forest degradation. The forest resource is now of lower quality. It also has really low conversion rates of wood to charcoal,\u201d Rankin said.<\/p>\n

The Drylands Natural Resource Centre improved the process by teaching farmers to create charcoal in steel drums, which are more airtight than earth mounds. But Ruder and Rankin were more interested in the raw material. Do different types of wood make for better charcoal? Does it matter how dry the wood is beforehand?<\/p>\n

Building a better briquette<\/h3>\n

Rankin and Ruder tested seven types of wood and experimented with different lengths of drying time. Their results were encouraging: They found it\u2019s not so much the type of wood that affects charcoal efficiency, but the part of the tree.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou have the bark that was around the wood and then the actual, good hardwood inside the bark. When you carbonize that, you can literally peel the bark off of the wood and then you\u2019re left with two types (of charcoal): One is the briquette, or non-premium kind of charcoal, which is from that bark, and then the other piece you have left is the premium charcoal,\u201d Ruder said.<\/p>\n

The charcoal made from bark is lower quality, burning for less time at lower temperatures and producing more smoke than charcoal from hardwood. With that in mind, Rankin and Ruder were able to make some recommendations.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor example, Terminalia brownii is a very dense wood. The premium charcoal that is yielded from it is really high quality. But it also has a lot of bark surrounding it, so it also makes a lot of non-premium charcoal,\u201d Rankin explained. \u201cWhereas with a species such as Senna spectabilis, it yields a lot of premium charcoal, but the bark is minimal.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe also found that there was a significant difference between drying the wood for two months versus drying it for three months,\u201d Ruder added. \u201cIf you\u2019re drying the wood between one and two months, it\u2019s not going to make a difference. But drying it for three months will make that extra difference, so that\u2019s what we recommended. It dries it out more, and once it\u2019s drier, it produces a better yield of charcoal.\u201d<\/p>\n

And, she noted, better yields of charcoal will lead to less deforestation.<\/p>\n

Next steps<\/h3>\n

Rankin and Ruder presented their research at the virtual UWM Undergraduate Research Symposium<\/a> in April, where they were awarded an outstanding presentation<\/a> ribbon for their work.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re hoping that this research can help the DNRC in their charcoal production and create a model and an example for other small-scale production,\u201d Rankin said. \u201cThis is knowledge that they can share in their workshops, not only within their village, but maybe around Kenya and the region in general.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In Kenya, a country where one in four people lacks access to electricity, charcoal is a staple fuel source. It\u2019s light, small, easy to store, burns longer and hotter than wood, and is nearly smokeless. It\u2019s also speeding up the country\u2019s deforestation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":785,"featured_media":85648,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[174,175],"tags":[],"section":[140,139],"display_categories":[115,116],"related-coverage":[260,338],"uwmnews-feed":[158],"class_list":["post-85647","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-research","section-science","section-science-technology","display_categories-top-story-secondary","display_categories-top-story-section","related-coverage-community-engagement","related-coverage-research","uwmnews-feed-letters-science"],"yoast_head":"\nBuilding a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Kenya, a country where one in four people lacks access to electricity, charcoal is a staple fuel source. It\u2019s light, small, easy to store, burns longer and hotter than wood, and is nearly smokeless. It\u2019s also speeding up the country\u2019s deforestation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Building a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In Kenya, a country where one in four people lacks access to electricity, charcoal is a staple fuel source. It\u2019s light, small, easy to store, burns longer and hotter than wood, and is nearly smokeless. It\u2019s also speeding up the country\u2019s deforestation.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UWM REPORT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-30T16:47:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-11T18:00:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/09\/Ruder-and-Rankin750x500.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sarah Vickery\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UWMNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UWMNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sarah Vickery\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sarah Vickery\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453\"},\"headline\":\"Building a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-30T16:47:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-11T18:00:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":804,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/Ruder-and-Rankin750x500.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News\",\"Research\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/\",\"name\":\"Building a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/Ruder-and-Rankin750x500.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-30T16:47:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-11T18:00:49+00:00\",\"description\":\"In Kenya, a country where one in four people lacks access to electricity, charcoal is a staple fuel source. It\u2019s light, small, easy to store, burns longer and hotter than wood, and is nearly smokeless. It\u2019s also speeding up the country\u2019s deforestation.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/Ruder-and-Rankin750x500.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/Ruder-and-Rankin750x500.jpg\",\"width\":750,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"UWM conservation and environmental science students Emily Ruder (from left) and Jacob Rankin smile with a fellow student from a local Kenyan university. The three met while Ruder and Rankin were conducting research to improve charcoal efficiency at the Drylands Natural Resource Center in Kenya. (Photo courtesy of Jacob Rankin)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Building a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/\",\"name\":\"UWM REPORT\",\"description\":\"News from the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2017\\\/02\\\/uwm-seo-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/41\\\/2017\\\/02\\\/uwm-seo-logo.jpg\",\"width\":225,\"height\":224,\"caption\":\"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/UWMNews\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453\",\"name\":\"Sarah Vickery\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/news\\\/author\\\/svickeryuwm-edu\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Building a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya","description":"In Kenya, a country where one in four people lacks access to electricity, charcoal is a staple fuel source. It\u2019s light, small, easy to store, burns longer and hotter than wood, and is nearly smokeless. It\u2019s also speeding up the country\u2019s deforestation.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Building a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya","og_description":"In Kenya, a country where one in four people lacks access to electricity, charcoal is a staple fuel source. It\u2019s light, small, easy to store, burns longer and hotter than wood, and is nearly smokeless. It\u2019s also speeding up the country\u2019s deforestation.","og_url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/","og_site_name":"UWM REPORT","article_published_time":"2020-09-30T16:47:24+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-10-11T18:00:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":750,"height":500,"url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/09\/Ruder-and-Rankin750x500.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Sarah Vickery","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@UWMNews","twitter_site":"@UWMNews","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Sarah Vickery","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/"},"author":{"name":"Sarah Vickery","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453"},"headline":"Building a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya","datePublished":"2020-09-30T16:47:24+00:00","dateModified":"2021-10-11T18:00:49+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/"},"wordCount":804,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/09\/Ruder-and-Rankin750x500.jpg","articleSection":["News","Research"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/","name":"Building a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/09\/Ruder-and-Rankin750x500.jpg","datePublished":"2020-09-30T16:47:24+00:00","dateModified":"2021-10-11T18:00:49+00:00","description":"In Kenya, a country where one in four people lacks access to electricity, charcoal is a staple fuel source. It\u2019s light, small, easy to store, burns longer and hotter than wood, and is nearly smokeless. It\u2019s also speeding up the country\u2019s deforestation.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/09\/Ruder-and-Rankin750x500.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2020\/09\/Ruder-and-Rankin750x500.jpg","width":750,"height":500,"caption":"UWM conservation and environmental science students Emily Ruder (from left) and Jacob Rankin smile with a fellow student from a local Kenyan university. The three met while Ruder and Rankin were conducting research to improve charcoal efficiency at the Drylands Natural Resource Center in Kenya. (Photo courtesy of Jacob Rankin)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/building-a-better-briquette-conservation-students-study-charcoal-production-in-kenya\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Building a better briquette: Conservation students study charcoal production in Kenya"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/","name":"UWM REPORT","description":"News from the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#organization","name":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2017\/02\/uwm-seo-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2017\/02\/uwm-seo-logo.jpg","width":225,"height":224,"caption":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/UWMNews"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/79ba9316328e022fb78add26239f8453","name":"Sarah Vickery","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/author\/svickeryuwm-edu\/"}]}},"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-19 21:37:09","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85647","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/785"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85647"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85647\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86423,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85647\/revisions\/86423"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85647"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=85647"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=85647"},{"taxonomy":"section","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/section?post=85647"},{"taxonomy":"display_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/display_categories?post=85647"},{"taxonomy":"related-coverage","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/related-coverage?post=85647"},{"taxonomy":"uwmnews-feed","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/uwmnews-feed?post=85647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}