{"id":60365,"date":"2018-07-12T13:54:02","date_gmt":"2018-07-12T18:54:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=60365"},"modified":"2018-07-16T16:35:23","modified_gmt":"2018-07-16T21:35:23","slug":"with-a-little-help-from-nasa-uwm-students-launch-experiment-into-space-plasmids-radiation-dna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/with-a-little-help-from-nasa-uwm-students-launch-experiment-into-space-plasmids-radiation-dna\/","title":{"rendered":"With help from NASA, students launch experiment into space"},"content":{"rendered":"

At 5:29 a.m. on June 21, before the sun had even reached the horizon, a NASA suborbital sounding rocket blasted off from the Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, reaching more than 70 miles above the Earth before it landed by parachute in the Atlantic Ocean. It carried a precious payload: the research project of UWM\u2019s Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) team.<\/p>\n

The launch was part of NASA\u2019s and the Colorado Space Grant\u2019s RockSat-C program. For a fee, NASA allows student groups to design their own experiments and send them up on one of the space agency\u2019s rockets. The launch takes place during NASA\u2019s annual Rocket Week, where students from across the country gather to present their experiments before their projects take off.<\/p>\n

\u201cMeeting all the other RockSat teams was a blast,\u201d said physics major Kaitlin Krause, who also runs the UWM SEDS\u00a0Instagram page.<\/a>\u00a0\u201cLearning about all of the different projects happening and the different perspectives was eye-opening. We definitely found inspiration for the coming years, such as working towards a more complicated payload. It was great learning experience, and just plain awesome to be able to walk around a NASA facility talking to actual rocket scientists.\u201d<\/p>\n

Getting started in RockSat-C<\/h3>\n

When microbiology major Ryan Kisiolek attended Rocket Week two years ago, \u201cThere was somebody doing a biological experiment, and I thought, that is so cool! We have got to do that,\u201d he recalled.<\/p>\n

\"A
A NASA sounding rocket carrying student research projects blasts off from the Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. (Photo courtesy of Bob Aloisi)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kisiolek, a student at UW-Sheboygan at the time, began knocking on doors to find funding for his own project. NASA charges roughly $7,000 to reserve space on the rocket, and the students also have to buy their materials and pay for travel to Wallops to attend the launch.<\/p>\n

Kisiolek joined forces with physics major Bob Aloisi, and, with several teammates, they raised the necessary funds, designed their experiment and attended the 2017 Rocket Week launch.<\/p>\n

When Kisiolek and Aloisi transferred to UW-Milwaukee, they added some new faces. This year\u2019s UWM SEDS team includes Kisiolek and Aloisi, Azia Barner (physics), Dan Cairns (mechanical engineering), Josh Janezick (UW-Sheboygan, mechanical engineering) Krause (geology and physics), Connor Nethen (electrical engineering and physics), Natasha Scannell (electrical engineering) and August Schuett (physics).<\/p>\n

This year, their work was funded largely by a grant from the Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium. The team also received funding from the UWM Foundation and the College of Letters & Science, alongside a travel grant from UWM Student Involvement and donations from faculty members in the Biological Sciences and Physics departments.<\/p>\n

Cosmic radiation and DNA<\/h3>\n

The SEDS team repeated their experiment from last year, improving their design and hoping for more detailed results. They\u2019re researching what happens to DNA when it\u2019s bombarded with cosmic radiation.<\/p>\n

\"A
Bob Aloisi (from left), Kaitlin Krause, Azia Barner, Natasha Scannell and Connor Nethen smile after a successful launch at the Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. (Photo courtesy of Dawn Erb)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cThe DNA comes in a non-living form called plasmids,\u201d Aloisi said. \u201cThey\u2019re short snippets of genetic materials that contain genes from different organisms. We use a gene with antibiotic resistance and another gene from a jellyfish that glows under UV light.\u201d<\/p>\n

Now that their samples have been recovered from the rocket, the SEDS team will introduce the plasmids to living bacteria. By gauging whether the bacteria reproduce and exhibit the glow-in-the-dark gene and the antibiotic-resistance gene, the team will gain a better understanding of how gamma and beta cosmic radiation affect DNA.<\/p>\n

Their preliminary results from last year\u2019s launch were surprising. \u201cWhat we expected to see was that the cosmic radiation would damage the DNA and so the genes wouldn\u2019t transfer successfully,\u201d Aloisi said. \u201cWe\u2019d see fewer glowing colonies of bacteria. The opposite happened. The samples that we flew had more glowing colonies of bacteria.\u201d<\/p>\n

Building the payload<\/h3>\n

The payload \u2013 the structure housing the vials of plasmids and Geiger counters, used to measure radiation \u2013 had to match exacting NASA standards. The entire payload fit into a custom 3D-printed frame wired like Dr. Frankenstein\u2019s Christmas tree.<\/p>\n

\"The
A closeup shows the experiment designed by UWM students. (UWM Photo\/Elora Hennessey)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The data was collected and recorded on two micro-SD cards \u2013 two, because the team learned last year that they had to back up their data collection method when the SD-card broke in the 2017 launch.<\/p>\n

Building the payload was no easy feat. \u201cNone of us have an electrical background. I didn\u2019t have a clue what I was doing when we were first putting wires together,\u201d said Krause. \u201cIt was definitely a lot of learning how it all fits together to make the printed circuit board. It\u2019s been a journey.\u201d<\/p>\n

After the rocket was launched and landed in the ocean, the vessel was recovered by a local fisherman, nicknamed \u201cCaptain Tom.\u201d The rocket was loaded onto a truck and delivered back to Wallops, where the UWM team picked up their payload. Now that their data is back in-hand, the team will be taking a closer look at the DNA using an infrared spectroscopy microscope. Azia Barner, mentored by physics professor Carol Hirschmugl, is leading the charge there.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re going to test the plasmids that have been exposed to beta radiation and take stats on them and compare it to non-irradiated samples,\u201d she said. \u201cWe\u2019re going to show the difference between the chemical signatures in both. We can look at the chemical structure to see if the plasmids can transform.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hands-on research, invaluable experience<\/h3>\n

Working on the payload has given the UWM SEDS team a thorough education.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn addition to mechanical engineering, there\u2019s also programming involved. They have to do data analysis and statistics,\u201d said David Kaplan, associate professor of physics and the team\u2019s advisor. \u201cAnd you get to see the thing you\u2019ve worked on for a year go up and hopefully not explode.\u201d<\/p>\n

And, Kisiolek added, their research has potential implications for the medical field. If radiation actually increases the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, hospitals may have to rethink how they sterilize equipment. Aloisi hopes that, after more research, the group will be able to publish a paper with their findings.<\/p>\n

Working on a project that flew on a NASA rocket was exciting.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt was a little intimidating, but it\u2019s been a great experience,\u201d Kisiolek said. \u201cAnd it\u2019s cool knowing these plasmids went to space.\u201d<\/p>\n

To watch a video of the launch, visit\u00a0https:\/\/bit.ly\/2K7A59H<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The UWM team sent plasmids up on a rocket to discover how cosmic radiation affects DNA. 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