{"id":5162,"date":"2012-12-27T01:56:31","date_gmt":"2012-12-27T07:56:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=5162"},"modified":"2015-11-12T08:28:52","modified_gmt":"2015-11-12T14:28:52","slug":"2012-in-review-exploring-links-between-smoking-during-pregnancy-autism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/2012-in-review-exploring-links-between-smoking-during-pregnancy-autism\/","title":{"rendered":"2012 in Review: Exploring links between smoking during pregnancy, autism"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2212\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2212\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/04\/autismsmoking_j-1dlv0om.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2212\" title=\"Study show possible link between smoking and high-functioning autism\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/04\/autismsmoking_j-1dlv0om.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/04\/autismsmoking_j-1dlv0om.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/04\/autismsmoking_j-1dlv0om-300x174.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2212\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smoking during pregnancy is still common in the U.S. despite its known harmful impacts on babies. (Photo \u00a9 Rohit Seth\/Veer)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Women who smoke in pregnancy may be more likely to have a child with high-functioning autism, such as Asperger\u2019s Disorder, according to preliminary findings from a study by researchers involved in the U.S. autism surveillance program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2211\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2211\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/04\/AKalkbrenner-1if8gph.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2211 \" title=\"Amy Kalkbrenner\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2012\/04\/AKalkbrenner-1if8gph.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"247\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2211\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amy Kalkbrenner, UWM Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cIt has long been known that autism is an umbrella term for a wide range of disorders that impair social and communication skills,\u201d says Amy Kalkbrenner, assistant professor in the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee\u2019s Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, lead author of the study. \u201cWhat we are seeing is that some disorders on the autism spectrum, more than others, may be influenced by a factor such as whether a mother smokes during pregnancy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The study was published April 25, 2012, in an advance online release by the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.<\/p>\n<p>Smoking during pregnancy is still common in the U.S. despite its known harmful impacts on babies. Kalkbrenner found that 13 percent of mothers whose children were included in the study had smoked during pregnancy.<\/p>\n<p>Kalkbrenner and colleagues\u2019 population-based study compared smoking data from birth certificates of thousands of children from 11 states to a database of children diagnosed with autism maintained by the CDC\u2019s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network (ADDMN). Of the 633,989 children, born in 1992, 1994, 1996 and 1998, 3,315 were identified as having an autism spectrum disorder at age 8.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe study doesn\u2019t say for certain that smoking is a risk factor for autism,\u201d Kalkbrenner says. \u201cBut it does say that if there is an association, it\u2019s between smoking and certain types of autism,\u201d implicating the disorders on the autism spectrum that are less severe and allow children to function at a higher level. That connection, she adds, needs further study.<\/p>\n<p>April is Autism Awareness Month, and several studies of possible links between environmental factors and autism are being published by Environmental Health Perspectives at the same time as Kalkbrenner\u2019s study. \u201cThe CDC recently released data indicating that 1 in 88 children has an autism spectrum disorder, making such environmental studies even more timely,\u201d says Kalkbrenner.<\/p>\n<p>Because autism involves a broad spectrum of conditions and the interplay of genetics and environment is so complex, no one study can explain all the causes of autism, she adds. \u201cThe goal of this work is to help provide a piece of the puzzle. And in this we were successful.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For a pdf of the study, go to: <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104556\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104556<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to lead author Kalkbrenner, co-authors include: Joe Braun, Harvard School of Public Health; Maureen Durkin, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health; Matthew Maenner, Waisman Center at UW-Madison; Christopher Cunniff, University of Arizona College of Medicine; Li-Ching Lee, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Sydney Pettygrove, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health at the University of Arizona; Joyce Nicholas, Medical University of South Carolina; and Julie Daniels, UNC Gillings School of Public Health.<\/p>\n<p>Other research articles published April 25 in Environmental Health Perspectives show that polychlorinated biphenyls disrupt early brain development by interfering with the signals that promote normal neuron branching. A review article suggests research directions for exploring a potential link between pesticides and autism. An editorial calls for increased discovery research to identify possible environmental causes of autism in America&#8217;s children.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;PCB 95 Promotes Dendritic Growth via Ryanodine Receptor-Dependent Mechanisms&#8221;<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104832\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104832<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;PCB 95 Modulates Calcium-Dependent Signaling Pathway Responsible for Activity-Dependent Dendritic Growth&#8221;<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104833\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104833<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Tipping the Balance of Autism Risk: Potential Mechanisms Linking Pesticides and Autism&#8221;<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104553\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104553<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;A Research Strategy to Discover the Environmental Causes of Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities&#8221;<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104285\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104285<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Women who smoke in pregnancy may be more likely to have a child with high-functioning autism, such as Asperger\u2019s Disorder, according to preliminary findings from a study by researchers involved in the U.S. autism surveillance program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \u201cIt has long been known that autism is an umbrella term [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40008,"featured_media":2214,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[175],"tags":[],"section":[],"display_categories":[],"related-coverage":[],"uwmnews-feed":[],"class_list":["post-5162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>2012 in Review: Exploring links between smoking during pregnancy, autism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Women who smoke in pregnancy may be more likely to have a child with high-functioning autism, such as Asperger\u2019s Disorder, according to preliminary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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