{"id":16970,"date":"2015-03-30T10:59:18","date_gmt":"2015-03-30T15:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/?p=16970"},"modified":"2015-11-12T08:01:35","modified_gmt":"2015-11-12T14:01:35","slug":"new-nsf-funded-physics-frontiers-center-joins-the-race-to-detect-gravitational-waves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/news\/new-nsf-funded-physics-frontiers-center-joins-the-race-to-detect-gravitational-waves\/","title":{"rendered":"New NSF-funded Physics Frontiers Center joins the race to detect gravitational waves"},"content":{"rendered":"

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT: Xavier Siemens, \u00a0(414) 229-6439, siemens@gravity.phys.uwm.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"A<\/a>
A network of pulsars being used to search for gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time predicted by general relativity. These waves cause changes in the arrival times of pulsar radio signals. They are detectable from Earth with sensitive radio timing observations. Left: The 300-m Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Right: The 100-m Green Bank Telescope in Green Bank, West Virginia.
(Image credit: David Champion, NAIC, NRAO)
Click image for printable version<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

MILWAUKEE \u2013 The National Science Foundation (NSF) has awarded the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) $14.5 million over 5 years to create and operate a Physics Frontiers Center (PFC).<\/p>\n

The NANOGrav PFC will address a transformational challenge in astrophysics: the detection of low-frequency gravitational waves.<\/p>\n

Gravitational waves are elusive ripples in the fabric of space-time, which theories predict should arise from extremely energetic and large-scale cosmic events, such as orbiting pairs of massive black holes found at the centers of merging galaxies, phase transitions in the very early universe, or as relics from cosmic inflation, the period just after the Big Bang when all of the universe that we can see expanded rapidly from a minuscule volume in a tiny fraction of a second.<\/p>\n

In Einstein\u2019s theory of gravity, these events produce waves that distort, or ripple, the actual fabric of the cosmos as they emanate throughout space. The waves have such a long wavelength\u2014significantly larger than our solar system\u2014that we cannot build a detector large enough to observe them.<\/p>\n

Fortunately, the universe itself has created its own detection tool\u2014millisecond pulsars\u2014the rapidly spinning, super-dense remains of massive stars that have exploded as supernovas. These ultra-stable stars are nature\u2019s most precise celestial clocks, appearing to \u201ctick\u201d every time their beamed emissions sweep past the Earth like a lighthouse beacon.<\/p>\n

Gravitational waves may be detected in the small but perceptible fluctuations\u2014a few tens of nanoseconds over five or more years\u2014they cause in the measured arrival times at Earth of radio pulses from these millisecond pulsars.<\/p>\n

NANOGrav was founded in 2007 and, at the time, consisted of 17 members in the United States and Canada. It has since grown to 55 scientists and students at 15 institutions. The NANOGrav PFC will provide funding for 23 senior personnel, 6 postdoctoral researchers, 10 graduate students, and 25 undergraduate students distributed across 11 institutions.<\/p>\n

Xavier Siemens, a physicist at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, is the Principal Investigator for the project and will serve as director of the center. Maura McLaughlin, an astronomer at West Virginia University, will serve as co-director.<\/p>\n

NSF currently supports nine other PFCs, which range in research areas from theoretical biological physics and the physics of living cells to quantum information and nuclear astrophysics.<\/p>\n

By bringing together astronomers and physicists from across the United States and Canada to search for the telltale signature of gravitational waves buried in the incredibly steady ticking of distant pulsars, NANOGrav is advancing the PFC mission to “foster research at the intellectual frontiers of physics\u201d and to \u201cenable transformational advances in the most promising research areas.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNANOGrav is now poised to detect low-frequency gravitational waves,\u201d said Siemens. \u201cThis Center will ensure that researchers have the resources necessary to explore one of the most exciting frontiers in all of physics and astronomy.\u201d<\/p>\n

This research makes use of the unique capabilities and sensitivity of the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory\u2019s Green Bank Telescope (GBT). The GBT is located in the National Radio Quiet Zone, which protects the incredibly sensitive telescope from unwanted radio interference, enabling it to study pulsars and other astronomical objects. Arecibo is the largest single dish radio telescope in the world today.<\/p>\n

\u201cNANOGrav is fortunate to have access to the two most sensitive telescopes in the world for this groundbreaking research,\u201d McLaughlin said. \u201cFurthermore, as many of our observations are performed by students, the telescopes are serving a vital role in creating a pipeline for science and technology fields.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is a really exciting time to work on the search for gravitational waves,\u201d said David Kaplan, UWM associate professor of physics and a participant on the grant. \u201cWe are optimistic that gravitational waves will be detected by 2020, which would be the culmination of decades of hard work by dozens of astronomers.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Physics Frontier Center ensures that UWM students, both graduate and undergraduate, will play a vital role in the search for gravitational waves, he added.<\/p>\n

The research performed by the PFC is distributed among the participating institutions and members of NANOGrav. The personnel funded by the NANOGrav PFC include:<\/p>\n

California Institute of Technology<\/strong>
\nCurt Cutler
\nJoseph Lazio
\nWalid Majid
\nMichele Vallisneri<\/p>\n

Cornell University<\/strong>
\nJames Cordes
\nRachel Bean
\nAdam Brazier
\nShamibrata Chatterjee<\/p>\n

Franklin and Marshall College<\/strong>
\nAndrea Lommen
\nFronefield Crawford<\/p>\n

Lafayette College<\/strong>
\nDavid Nice<\/p>\n

Montana State University<\/strong>
\nNeil Cornish<\/p>\n

Universities Space Research Association and NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center<\/strong>
\nZaven Arzoumanian<\/p>\n

National Radio Astronomy Observatory<\/strong>
\nPaul Demorest
\nScott Ransom<\/p>\n

Oberlin College
\n<\/strong>Daniel Stinebring<\/p>\n

University of Texas at Brownsville<\/strong>
\nFredrick Jenet
\nJoseph Romano<\/p>\n

University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee<\/strong>
\nDavid Kaplan
\nXavier Siemens (Principal Investigator)<\/p>\n

West Virginia University<\/strong>
\nDuncan Lorimer
\nMaura McLaughlin
\nSean McWilliams<\/p>\n

Collaborators also include Ingrid Stairs at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, and Victoria Kaspi at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.<\/em><\/p>\n

#<\/em><\/p>\n

About UWM<\/strong><\/p>\n

As Wisconsin\u2019s only public urban research university, UWM has established an international reputation for excellence in research, community engagement, teaching and entrepreneurism.\u00a0On an operating budget of $705 million, UWM educates more than 28,000 students and is an engine for innovation in southeastern Wisconsin.\u00a0The Princeton Review named UWM a \u201c2015 Best in the Midwest\u201d university based on overall academic excellence and student reviews. Its economic impact is more than $1.5 billion per year in Wisconsin alone.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has awarded the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) $14.5 million over 5 years to create and operate a Physics Frontiers Center (PFC).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":836,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[202],"tags":[],"section":[],"display_categories":[],"related-coverage":[],"uwmnews-feed":[],"class_list":["post-16970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-releases"],"yoast_head":"\nNew NSF-funded Physics Frontiers Center joins the race to detect gravitational waves<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The National Science Foundation (NSF) has awarded the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) $14.5 million over 5 years to create and operate a Physics 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