{"id":3922,"date":"2012-09-26T16:48:33","date_gmt":"2012-09-26T21:48:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=3922"},"modified":"2017-05-16T19:58:31","modified_gmt":"2017-05-17T00:58:31","slug":"fuzzy-fall-caterpillars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/fuzzy-fall-caterpillars\/","title":{"rendered":"Fuzzy Fall Caterpillars (Family Erebidae)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Howdy, BugFans,<\/p>\n

Today we consider three fuzzy, fall caterpillars. Two are in the same family, Erebidae, a new-ish family that was created by reclassifying a bunch of Owlet, Tussock and Tiger moths. The other is in the Owlet Moth family Noctuidae. None is the famous Wooly Bear caterpillar, of previous BOTW fame) (remember, BOTW is archived at the UWM Field Station website).<\/p>\n

Some long-haired caterpillars have irritating\/poisonous hairs, but the sources that the BugLady consulted underplay the \u201ctoxicity card\u201d in connection with these three. That being said, always know what you\u2019re handling before you pick it up. All three of these caterpillars show a lot of variation from individual to individual, and a caterpillar may change color from molt to molt. They all spend the winter as pupae. The BugLady didn\u2019t find any mention of the adults\u2019 feeding preferences, so they probably don\u2019t feed at all.<\/p>\n

American Dagger Moth Caterpillar<\/h3>\n

Until she started researching this American Dagger Moth caterpillar, the BugLady thought it was named for the caterpillar\u2019s long, dark tufts of hair (setae<\/em>), but it turns out that adults of many species of dagger moths have dark, dagger-like marks on their wings. Some dagger moths come with delicious names like the Delightful, the Fragile, the Funerary, the Afflicted, the Impressive and the Splendid dagger moth.<\/p>\n

\"dagger-am-cat11-2rz\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Within the Owlet family Noctuidae, the ADM (Acronicta americana<\/em>) is in the subfamily Acronictinae. Wagner, in his dynamite book Caterpillars of Eastern North America<\/em>, says that Acronictinae contains \u201cseveral of eastern North America\u2019s most interesting and handsome caterpillars,\u201d and that \u201cthe genus Acronicta<\/em> has been remarkably successful, with more than 75 North American species, it ranks as our continent\u2019s seventh largest genus of Macrolepidoptera<\/em> (the larger moths and butterflies). Nearly 50 species occur east of the Mississippi.\u201d Wagner also says that there are many food plant specialists in the bunch, some of which are named after their favorite plants.<\/p>\n

ADMs are at home in woodlands, especially swampy woodlands, east of the Rockies, where their caterpillars feed on the leaves of a bunch of common trees. First instar caterpillars skeletonize the undersides of leaves, but older larvae chew on the edges. Apparently, when they are finished eating, they sever the petiole (leaf stem) of a partially-eaten, leaf in order to get rid of it so it doesn\u2019t signal their presence to birds. A pile of semi-chewed, partially-stemmed leaves on the ground may signal an ADM above.<\/p>\n

Except for those tufts of long, black hairs at each end, caterpillars tend to be yellow when young, and white or yellow later. One source mentioned minor skin irritation when handled by sensitive people.<\/p>\n

Yellow-Spotted Tussock Moth Caterpillars<\/h3>\n

Written descriptions of the range of the Yellow-Spotted Tussock Moth caterpillar place it across Canada and our northern border\/Great Lakes states. They also say that in the eastern U.S., its range skips from Massachusetts down into the mountains of North Carolina, where a disjunct population, a glacial relict, occurs. Driven south by the glaciers, the species was isolated when the ice sheets retreated. The BugLady couldn\u2019t reconcile how a moth whose range includes Labrador could also be happy in southern California, and the range map at the Butterflies and Moths<\/a> site,\u00a0just adds to the confusion.<\/p>\n

\"spttd-tssck11-2rz\"<\/a><\/p>\n

YSTMs (Lophocampa maculata<\/em>) are also called Spotted Tiger Moths and Mottled Tigers, and the \u201ctussock\u201d part of their name comes from the caterpillar\u2019s clumps of setae<\/em>. They\u2019re found in woodlands and on the edges of swamps, browsing on poplar, willow, alder, basswood, maple, and oak leaves. Sogaard, in Moths and Caterpillars of the North Woods<\/em>, says they are untidy feeders that, unlike the ADM, feed in the open and don\u2019t seem to care much if birds notice the mess. This attitude, along with their coloration, suggests that along with the mechanical defense provided by all those hairs (most birds aren\u2019t crazy about fuzzy caterpillars), they may have some chemical defense that discourages predators. Only one source cautioned us about urticating<\/em> (irritating) hairs.<\/p>\n

Yellow Wooly Bear Caterpillars<\/h3>\n

Well, the BugLady thinks that this is a Yellow Wooly Bear caterpillar (Spilosoma\/Diacrisia virginiana<\/em>) rather than the already-written-about Salt Marsh caterpillar, but the cut of their jibs is similar. If yes, alternate names are the Virginia Tiger moth and the Yellow Bear, in the family Erebidae. YWBs are found across North America north of the Rio Grande.<\/p>\n

\"yel-wooly-bear11-1rz\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Unlike its two predecessors, the YWB does not have tufts of long setae but does have some extra-long hairs. Caterpillars range in color from white\/cream through caramel to reddish brown depending on the age and the individual. Also unlike the ADM and YSTM, the YWB lives and eats close to the ground, feeding on about 100 species of lawn, garden, roadside and agricultural plants plus some trees and shrubs, consuming flowers, leaves, buds and young twigs<\/p>\n

The male YWB stalks females aerially, zigzagging through the night sky, searching with his feathery antennae for a trace of her pheromones. Romance ensues. Eggs are laid in clusters on the undersides of leaves, and the young caterpillars initially feed there together. Older caterpillars leave the crowd and feed solo, out in the open.<\/p>\n

Apparently, the YWB has been the subject of some research; here are a few teasers:<\/p>\n