{"id":17269,"date":"2026-06-24T09:48:54","date_gmt":"2026-06-24T14:48:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=17269"},"modified":"2026-06-24T09:48:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T14:48:57","slug":"a-quartet-of-moths","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/a-quartet-of-moths\/","title":{"rendered":"A Quartet of Moths"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Greetings, BugFans,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In honor of National Moth Week, here are three lovely moths that the BugLady has found recently, plus one from BugFan Freda (the BugLady\u2019s definition of a \u201clovely moth\u201d includes being identifiable).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the past, moth books, including Holland\u2019s venerable, century-old&nbsp;Moth Book, upon which the BugLady cut her teeth, entomologically speaking, pictured moths in a pinned position, with the front wings stretched forward so that their trailing edge stands at right angles to the body, and the hind wing extends behind it.&nbsp;Yes, this dorsal view makes visible the patterns on the upper surfaces of all four wings, but most moths just don\u2019t sit like that out in the field, and posture can be a great clue in identifying them.&nbsp;Newer guides, like the Peterson&nbsp;Field Guide to Moths of Northeastern North America&nbsp;and Sogaard\u2019s&nbsp;Moths and Caterpillars of the North Woods&nbsp;show the moths at rest &#8211; wings extended in a V, wings folded, wings stacked over their bodies, or wings wrapped around it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Remember, the Order Lepidoptera includes both the butterflies and the moths, and although they are less charismatic, moths overwhelmingly outnumber butterflies by 180,000 species to 20,000 globally and by 11,000 species to 700 in North America.&nbsp;Although numerous, moths are shy and retiring and most do no harm, so biographical information for many is scanty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"215\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/06\/Palthis-Moth2rz-215x300.webp\" alt=\"Palthis Moth\" class=\"wp-image-17276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/06\/Palthis-Moth2rz-215x300.webp 215w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/06\/Palthis-Moth2rz.webp 429w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 215px) 100vw, 215px\" \/><figcaption>Palthis Moth<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The\u00a0DARK-SPOTTED PALTHIS, AKA the Angulated snout-moth (<em>Palthis angulalis<\/em>) is a poster child for how different a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1263477\/bgimage\">pinned specimen<\/a>\u00a0can look compared to a live moth.\u00a0Even its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2178817\/bgimage\">dorsal view<\/a>\u00a0doesn\u2019t really match the gnarled and twisted side view.\u00a0Thanks to BugFan Freda for sharing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dark-spotted Palthis moths are in the family Erebidae and in the subfamily Herminiinae (which used to be a separate family), the Litter moths, so called because the caterpillars of many species feed on dead leaves.\u00a0They have a wingspan of about an inch, and there can be a lot of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carolinanature.com\/moths\/palthisangulalis.html\">variation in color<\/a>. Males have long, sensory organs (palps) attached to their mouths that are sometimes called \u201ca <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1291220\/bgimage\">snout<\/a>\u201d, and several authors said that they resemble jet planes because of the way the curled\/folded outside edges of their swept-back wings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They\u2019re found in woodlands across the eastern half of the continent, with some records in British Columbia.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2485329\">Caterpillars<\/a>\u00a0eat living or dead leaves, flowers, and fruits of a wide variety of woody plants like basswood, birch, alder, maple, willow, some conifers, and more, and some herbaceous plants like aster and goldenrod.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;STRAW BESMA&nbsp;(<em>Besma<\/em>&nbsp;<em>endropiaria<\/em>) is in the family&nbsp;Geometridae, whose caterpillars are called the Earth-measurers or inch worms.&nbsp;Straw Besmas are found in woodlands east of the Great Plains.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignright uwm-c-img--right\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/06\/moth-straw-besma26-1rz-300x215.webp\" alt=\"Straw Besma moth\" class=\"wp-image-17272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/06\/moth-straw-besma26-1rz-300x215.webp 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/06\/moth-straw-besma26-1rz.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption>Straw Besma Moth<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sogaard describes the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1142291\/bgimage\">caterpillars<\/a>\u00a0as \u201c<em>looking like a reddish twig<\/em>\u201d and goes on to say that they are \u201c<em>prime examples of what was dubbed \u2018vegetable disguise\u2019 by Alfred Russell Wallace<\/em>\u201d (the naturalist\/polymath who lived from 1823 to 1913, whose independently published theory of evolution through natural selection is said to have spurred Charles Darwin to collect his thoughts and publish on the matter).\u00a0They feed on a variety of hardwoods like alder, birch, oak, and especially sugar maple, and they overwinter as pupae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;YELLOW-DUSTED CREAM MOTH&nbsp;(<em>Cabera<\/em>&nbsp;<em>erythemaria<\/em>), another Geometrid, is found in sunny woodlands and edges and thickety stream sides. At first glance, it\u2019s another little, white moth, but a second glance reveals fringed wings peppered with tiny, black dots and divided by subtle, yellow lines.&nbsp;The BugLady couldn\u2019t find any explanation of the species name&nbsp;<em>erythemaria,&nbsp;<\/em>which suggests that something is red, unless it refers to markings on the caterpillar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/06\/moth-decorated-owlet26-2ab-300x215.webp\" alt=\"Decorated Owlet moth\" class=\"wp-image-17273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/06\/moth-decorated-owlet26-2ab-300x215.webp 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2026\/06\/moth-decorated-owlet26-2ab.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption>Decorated Owlet moth<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wildcolumbia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/original.jpg\">Caterpillars <\/a>love willow leaves, but they also feed on birch and blueberry.\u00a0They overwinter as caterpillars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(When the BugLady was researching the Yellow-dusted Cream moth, the always-excitable internet posed a few related questions, like \u201c<em>Are Yellow moths dangerous<\/em>?\u201d and \u201c<em>Are yellow moths poisonous<\/em>?\u201d&nbsp;No and No.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\u00a0DECORATED OWLET\u00a0(<em>Pangrapta<\/em>\u00a0<em>decoralis,\u00a0<\/em>family Erebidae) looks (and sits) like a small butterfly and is another species whose unique posture would be lost in a pinned specimen.\u00a0The BugLady posted it on her Facebook page as an as-yet-unidentified moth and got an ID within hours (thanks, Robert).\u00a0It comes in a variety of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2265925\/bgimage\">colors <\/a>and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2412939\/bgimage\">patterns<\/a>, and researchers suspect that it is part of a complex of three sibling species \u2013 species that look the same but are \u201creproductively isolated\u201d \u2013 they do not interbreed.\u00a0n other words,\u00a0<em>we<\/em>\u00a0may not be able to tell them apart, but\u00a0<em>they<\/em>\u00a0can.\u00a0They are close relatives that have recently diverged.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They are found over much of Eastern North America, and their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bugguide.net\/node\/view\/936111\/bgimage\">caterpillars<\/a>\u00a0eat blueberry and huckleberry (this one was found in a bog, surrounded by blueberry and huckleberry).\u00a0They overwinter as pupae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Go outside \u2013 say hello to a moth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Greetings, BugFans, In honor of National Moth Week, here are three lovely moths that the BugLady has found recently, plus one from BugFan Freda (the BugLady\u2019s definition of a \u201clovely moth\u201d includes being identifiable). In the past, moth books, including &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40205,"featured_media":17270,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[1043,1042,1044,548,1041],"class_list":["post-17269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-endropiaria","tag-erebidae","tag-erythemaria","tag-moth","tag-palthis-angulalis"],"uwm_unpublish_requested":false,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Field Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/a-quartet-of-moths\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Quartet of Moths\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Greetings, BugFans, In honor of National Moth Week, here are three lovely moths that the BugLady has found recently, plus one from BugFan Freda (the BugLady\u2019s definition of a \u201clovely moth\u201d includes being identifiable). 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