{"id":16512,"date":"2025-09-17T13:29:26","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T18:29:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=16512"},"modified":"2025-09-17T13:32:22","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T18:32:22","slug":"squash-lady-beetle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/squash-lady-beetle\/","title":{"rendered":"Squash Lady Beetle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Howdy, BugFans,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typically, when insects like flies, bees and wasps, beetles, butterflies and moths, and a few others \u2013 insects with Complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa\/resting-changing stage, adult) – mature, they not only take on a new form, but they also adopt a new menu and a new place to live. One constant in the BugLady\u2019s firmament has been that, as the exception that proves the rule, adult lady beetles eat aphids, and immature\/larval lady beetles eat aphids, too. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vegetarian lady beetles??? Thanks to BugFan Tom, in the Deep South, for providing both the education and the pictures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disclaimer: Squash lady beetles, aka Squash beetles,<\/em> are not the same as squash bugs<\/em> Squash Bug – Anasa tristis – BugGuide.Net<\/a>, no matter how interchangeably the BugLady uses the terms. But, when you Google Squash beetle, you\u2019re soon awash in hits for Squash bugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Squash lady beetles (Epilachna borealis<\/em>) are in the Lady beetle family Coccinellidae and the Plant-eating Lady beetle subfamily Epilachninae. There are three North American species in the genus Epilachna<\/em>, and a lot more elsewhere. Squash lady beetles are found in many of the states from Texas to Massachusetts, but not in Wisconsin Species Epilachna borealis – Squash Lady Beetle – BugGuide.Net<\/a>, and they\u2019re said to be more abundant along the Atlantic Seaboard. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Besides their diet, the other thing that startled the BugLady about them is that many of our Wisconsin lady beetles have cool patterns on their head and thorax Hippodamia variegata – BugGuide.Net<\/a>,Coleomegilla maculata strenua? – Coleomegilla maculata – BugGuide.Net<\/a>, Cycloneda munda – Polished Lady Beetle – Cycloneda munda – BugGuide.Net<\/a>, and seeing a lady beetle with a \u201cnude\u201d front end Orange bug with black spots – Epilachna borealis – BugGuide.Net<\/a> was, well, a little unsettling. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Squash<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

So, what about that diet? Most lady beetles are carnivores, stalking small, soft-bodied invertebrates over the plant leaves. They (inadvertently) aid farmers by eating the things that eat the crops. Squash lady beetles feed on the crops – cucumbers, melons, zucchini, gourds, pumpkins, cantaloupe, and squash. Both the bristly, little larvae (whose spikes have spikes Squash Lady Beetle (larva) Epilachna borealis – Epilachna borealis – BugGuide.Net<\/a>) and the adults eat the tender tissue between the leaf veins (the larvae only feed on the underside of the leaves squash lady beetle larva – Epilachna borealis – BugGuide.Net<\/a>), but they may graduate to the rind of the fruits when the fruits appear, chewing patterns that remind the BugLady of crop circles (yes \u2013 squashes and melons are considered fruits because they develop from the flower\u2019s ovary and contain seeds). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Yellow,<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Squash lady beetles are featured on a whole bunch of Extension Agricultural Bulletins, and although some sources say that they don\u2019t get numerous enough to become pests, cosmetic damage due to their feeding may make produce less sale-able. Worst possible scenario \u2013 leaves skeletonized by large numbers of larvae don\u2019t photosynthesize as readily, plants don\u2019t thrive, and they produce fewer fruits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before they tuck into a leaf or rind, the beetle chews a spiral \u201ctrench\u201d around the feeding area, a habit that has had scientists scratching their heads. Originally, it was thought that the trench, like the small, upstream cuts made by dogbane leaf beetles, worked to minimize the plant sap in the area. Scientists speculated that the chemicals in the sap (cucurbitacin), and the sticky sap itself, hindered feeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The BugLady found a couple of papers about this. One researcher, writing in 1985, concluded that both adult and larval feeding on leaves triggers cucurbitacin in the injured leaf and in its neighbors, and that cucurbitacin repels the lady bug and may stunt the larva, and that the trenches serve to block the movement of the chemicals, temporarily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A second paper in 1995 (and the author of the first paper was a co-author of the second) concluded that feeding by the Squash lady beetle did not cause a build-up of cucurbitacin, that the presence of cucurbitacin actually stimulates the beetles to feed, and, in fact, ingesting it doesn\u2019t affect the larvae. It suggests instead that the trenches may act as dams against the plant\u2019s sticky sap, which gums up the beetle\u2019s mouthparts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Two<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Squash lady beetles overwinter as adults under tree bark or under leaf litter at the edge of an agricultural field. They hike\/fly back into the fields when the squash plants are leafing out, feed on the leaves for a while, find romance, and then oviposit on the leaf or vine in July, laying as many as 400 eggs, in clusters of about 45 eggs of squash lady beetle – Epilachna borealis – BugGuide.Net<\/a>. The larvae feed, then pupate, on the underside of the leaf, and emerge in late August. Adults feed for a few weeks before leaving the field and finding a sheltered spot for the winter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

They have a Super Power. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like \u201cregular\u201d lady beetles, they \u201cbleed\u201d from their leg joints when alarmed (reflex bleeding), and that blood repels other insects. And<\/em>, oily droplets on the end of the larva\u2019s spikes repel insects. And<\/em>, oily drops on hairs on the pupae deter ants. Despite the chemical protection, stink bugs and assassin bugs prey on them, tachinid flies parasitize them, and lady beetles \u2013 including other Squash lady beetles \u2013 may eat the eggs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here\u2019s the aforementioned Dogbane leaf beetle\u2019s story – Dogbane Leaf Beetle Revisited (Family Chrysomelidae) \u2013 Field Station<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

beetle<\/a>, <\/span>Epilachna borealis<\/a>, <\/span>Lady Beetles<\/a>, <\/span>Squash Lady Beetle<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Howdy, BugFans, Typically, when insects like flies, bees and wasps, beetles, butterflies and moths, and a few others \u2013 insects with Complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa\/resting-changing stage, adult) – mature, they not only take on a new form, but they …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38860,"featured_media":16517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[547,955,956,957],"class_list":["post-16512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-beetle","tag-epilachna-borealis","tag-lady-beetles","tag-squash-lady-beetle"],"yoast_head":"\nField Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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