{"id":16408,"date":"2025-08-06T11:38:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-06T16:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=16408"},"modified":"2025-08-06T11:38:43","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T16:38:43","slug":"monarch-miracle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/monarch-miracle\/","title":{"rendered":"Monarch Miracle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Howdy, BugFans,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The BugLady was pecking away at this week\u2019s episode when she had a \u201cHold the Presses\u201d moment.\u00a0BugFan Freda sent a series of pictures she had taken of a monarch caterpillar taking its first steps into the world (prefaced by the statement, \u201c<em>Who knew that monarchs also oviposit onto the flowers??<\/em>\u201d).\u00a0So, this week, we start with a picture story, photographed and narrated by Freda (who has some serious photography skills and a lens that the BugLady can\u2019t lift). The picture of the older caterpillar is the BugLady\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Said Freda, \u201c<em>It was amazing watching it chew its way out of the egg. It worked almost constantly and you could tell that it was putting forth major effort. Between its hand-like mouthparts and box-cutter-like forelegs, it was punching and chewing and slicing at an amazing pace for such a tiny thing<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<em>It looked like it wasn&#8217;t only busy chewing on the dry, outer edge, but there was also what appeared to be gelatinous stuff on the inside that it scooped up and worked into its mouth.<\/em>]<em>&nbsp;Imagine slurping up a slimy spaghetti noodle the diameter of your open mouth and having to use your hands to stuff it in. There were some pauses where you could almost hear it thinking, &#8220;I&#8217;m so stuffed, but gotta keep going &#8211; or die.&#8221; It seemed like a tremendous feat!\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The gelatinous stuff was undoubtedly the last of the yolk material that nurtured it until it hatched.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cThe caterpillar made it out and is resting now.\u00a0\u00a0: )<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-11rz-300x225.webp\" alt=\"Newly hatched monarch caterpillar feeding on a milkweed leaf, with visible chew marks and small black frass (droppings) scattered nearby.\" class=\"wp-image-16416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-11rz-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-11rz.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<em>As of this morning, the &#8216;baby&#8217; is 3 to 3.3 mm long. As the last photo shows, it&#8217;s been eating and pooping healthily.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thanks, as always, for sharing your photography, Freda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Monarch caterpillars have one pair of filaments on the front end and another on the rear end \u2013 anterior and posterior tentacles.\u00a0According to\u00a0<em>Monarch Joint Venture<\/em>, these tentacles are sensory, \u201c<em>The caterpillar\u2019s tentacles are sensory organs. Caterpillar\u2019s eyesight is poor, and tentacles are tactile. They aid in navigation on the front. They may also play a role in defense\/predator confusion on the rear, leading a potential predator to think that the monarch\u2019s rear is its head.<\/em>\u201d How do you tell one end of the caterpillar from the other (if, of course, it\u2019s not eating)?\u00a0The longer tentacles are in the front. There is also a tiny pair of actual antennae near the mandibles, to pick up olfactory signals and help the caterpillar find food.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quick review: the short-lived, early and mid-summer generations of Monarchs have one job \u2013 to goose the Monarch population.\u00a0Hatch, eat, mate, lay eggs (and they\u2019re doing a great job here this year).\u00a0The final generation, sometimes referred to as Gen 5 or the Super generation, in the air from late-August on, have a different imperative \u2013 hatch, eat, metamorphose, and migrate (which is why they\u2019re the only generation that\u2019s tagged).\u00a0How do they know what to do? The message comes in the form of old, leathery, bitter milkweed leaves (they prefer young and tender), fewer nectar plants, shorter day length, cooler nights, and the lowering angle of the sun (57 degrees above the horizon). And yes \u2013 we do see monarchs who seem not to have gotten the memo, flying in tandem at the end of the season. Apparently some of the penultimate generation may drift south, laying eggs as they go.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ad2f72ca wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-1rz-300x300.webp\" alt=\"Freshly laid butterfly egg\" class=\"wp-image-16410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-1rz-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-1rz-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-1rz.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-3rz-300x300.webp\" alt=\"The caterpillar starts to develop visibly within the egg, moving closer to the shell surface. Dark spots indicate the forming head capsule.\" class=\"wp-image-16411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-3rz-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-3rz-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-3rz.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-5rz-300x300.webp\" alt=\"The caterpillar begins breaking through the top of the egg \u2014 the dark head is now pressing against the shell, starting to rupture it.\" class=\"wp-image-16412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-5rz-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-5rz-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-5rz.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ad2f72ca wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-7rz-300x300.webp\" alt=\"A close-up of the caterpillar\u2019s head emerging from the egg \u2014 shiny and black, it pushes through the cracked opening.\" class=\"wp-image-16413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-7rz-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-7rz-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-7rz.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-8rz-300x300.webp\" alt=\"The caterpillar has fully emerged from the egg and begins its journey to feed and grow.\" class=\"wp-image-16415\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-8rz-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-8rz-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2025\/08\/egg-8rz.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>They set their courses for a destination they\u2019ve never seen, orienting themselves via the sun (with a dash of magnetic compass thrown in), with calculations so intricate that monarchs in Michigan, Maine and Montana set correct (but different) flight plans for central Mexico. And they find not only Mexico, but the overwintering spots in the mountains west of Mexico City.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And now a brief sermonette from the BugLady (Freda is not planning on fostering this infant until it forms and then emerges from its chrysalis, so she is exempt from the sermon). It has become popular to try to help the yo-yo-ing Monarch population by collecting eggs and hand-raising the caterpillars.\u00a0The rationale (besides the facts that it\u2019s great fun and very sciencey) is that the caterpillars are safer in a controlled, predator-free environment.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And indeed, they are, as long as their keepers practice good caterpillar hygiene, but caterpillars raised in the garage or basement or family room are not exposed to the environmental signals that will allow them to navigate properly. Some captive-raised butterflies do muddle through and arrive at their destination, but it\u2019s a lower percentage than their wild-reared brethren.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The bottom line, if raising Monarchs is your thing, park them in the back yard. <a href=\"https:\/\/xerces.org\/\">The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation<\/a> suggests that we could do a lot more for Monarchs if we would plant native milkweed for the caterpillars and native wildflower gardens that will bloom through the season for nectaring butterflies.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Go outside -watch the Monarchs!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"taxonomy-post_tag wp-block-post-terms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/hatching\/\" rel=\"tag\">Hatching<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/monarch\/\" rel=\"tag\">Monarch<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/monarch-butterfly\/\" rel=\"tag\">monarch butterfly<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/monarch-caterpillar\/\" rel=\"tag\">Monarch Caterpillar<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Howdy, BugFans, The BugLady was pecking away at this week\u2019s episode when she had a \u201cHold the Presses\u201d moment.\u00a0BugFan Freda sent a series of pictures she had taken of a monarch caterpillar taking its first steps into the world (prefaced &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38860,"featured_media":16409,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[947,537,589,486],"class_list":["post-16408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-hatching","tag-monarch","tag-monarch-butterfly","tag-monarch-caterpillar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Field Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/monarch-miracle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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