{"id":14924,"date":"2024-05-08T14:13:43","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T19:13:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=14924"},"modified":"2024-05-08T14:13:46","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T19:13:46","slug":"wetlands-month-i-crawling-water-beetle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/wetlands-month-i-crawling-water-beetle\/","title":{"rendered":"Wetlands Month I &#8211; Crawling Water Beetle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Howdy, BugFans,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>May is National Wetlands Month, and the BugLady is celebrating by re-posting episodes about aquatic critters from deep in the BOTW archives (this one is from 2012, with some new words added).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The BugLady heard an interesting interview on the radio a while back in which the guest said that non-scientists are intimidated by the feeling that they must know the exact names of the plants and animals on their landscapes in order to discuss them, and that the belief that those names belong only to scientists causes people to become estranged from the natural world.\u00a0Yes and no.\u00a0While it is true that each organism has a scientific name that belongs to it alone and is universally recognized, the amazing world of common names is up for grabs. Common names are the names bestowed by people, often regionally, who experience an organism where the rubber meets the road. The more abundant or beloved or notorious or scary an organism is, the more common names it\u2019s likely to have collected.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So \u2013 what to name a small, yellowish, spotted, aquatic beetle that scrambles through the water, head down, in perpetual motion?\u00a0That, rather than \u201crowing\u201d its legs in synchrony like a water boatman, \u201cdog-paddles,\u201d moving its legs alternately, appearing to crawl through the water. OK &#8211; Crawling water beetle it is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are almost 70 species of Crawling Water Beetles (family Haliplidae) in North America, divided up among four genera (this beetle belongs to the most common genus,\u00a0<em>Haliplus<\/em>) (probably) &#8211;\u00a0<em>Haliplus<\/em>, because the other common genus,\u00a0<em>Peltodytes<\/em>, has two spots on the thorax, just north of the elytra (wing covers).\u00a0Identification to species can be tricky and gets very up close and personal.\u00a0 A Crawling water beetle that\u2019s \u00bc\u201d long is a big Crawling water beetle.\u00a0Haliplids favor still, shallow water and the pool areas of streams and rivers everywhere (except Antarctica) (they favor temperate regions), and the BugLady read about an endangered Irish species that lives in tidal salt marshes. Three of Wisconsin\u2019s Crawling water beetle species are listed as rare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Crawling water beetles that live in ponds and lake edges can be found scrambling through the water column or feeding in mats of aquatic plants, especially algae.\u00a0Where there is a current, look for them in crevices between rocks.\u00a0Unlike many of their aquatic brethren, Crawling water beetles are bulky (one source said \u201c<em>barrel-shaped<\/em>\u201d), mediocre swimmers that are not streamlined, and other than some long hairs on their back four feet, their legs are not adapted for swimming (they are weak fliers, too, on wings that are rolled \u2013 not folded \u2013 under the elytra when not in use).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2024\/05\/crwlng-wtr-beetle12-5b.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"208\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2024\/05\/crwlng-wtr-beetle12-5b-300x208.webp\" alt=\"beetle in water\" class=\"wp-image-14928\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2024\/05\/crwlng-wtr-beetle12-5b-300x208.webp 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2024\/05\/crwlng-wtr-beetle12-5b.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Their two hind legs\u00a0<em>are<\/em>\u00a0modified \u2013 but they\u2019re modified for breathing.\u00a0The sections at the base of each hind leg (closest to the body) are greatly flattened to form \u201ccoxal plates\u201d that meet under the beetle.\u00a0Together, the coxal plates cover part of the thorax and abdomen and create a second space to carry oxygen. When it needs oxygen, a Crawling water beetle backs up to the surface film, takes in air, and stores it in an area on its back, above its abdomen and beneath its elytra.\u00a0A reserve supply is cached between the coxal plates and the lower surface of the abdomen, and it is in communion with the air under the elytra.\u00a0Insects take in air through breathing pores called spiracles, and there are spiracles located under the coxal plates.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A bubble of air peeking out from under the elytra helps Crawling water beetle float to the water\u2019s surface (a Crawling water beetle that\u2019s low on air loses buoyancy and must clamber back up the vegetation).\u00a0The long, skinny <a href=\"http:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/327585\">Crawling water beetle larvae<\/a>\u00a0simply breathe through their skin and don\u2019t develop spiracles until they are almost ready to pupate.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/280859\/bgimage\">There\u2019s a lot of variation in Crawling water beetle larvae across the various genera.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Crawling water beetles lay their eggs on submerged aquatic plants, especially filamentous algae.\u00a0 Some excavate small holes in the plant tissue and lay their eggs inside.\u00a0The short-legged, hook-footed larvae creep about on algae mats, where they are well-camouflaged, playing dead when alarmed (alarmed adults make for the bottom of the pond and cling to plant stems there), feeding on their algal substrate with mouthparts that are adapted for grabbing algae, piercing its walls, and sucking out its juices.\u00a0Larvae that are too tiny to puncture the tough cell walls feed on the fungi and bacteria on the algae\u2019s exterior.\u00a0Adults continue to feed on algae, but they add protein to their diet in the form of tiny invertebrates like worms, daphnia, and midge eggs.\u00a0They are eaten by fish, salamanders, and larger aquatic insects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Crawling water beetle larvae pupate on the shore, in a cell they prepare under a rock or log near the water\u2019s edge.\u00a0Their new-found spiracles allow them to breathe out of water.\u00a0Some species spend the winter as pupae; others emerge to spend the winter in the water as adults.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adults can be found in the water all year round, moving slowly under the ice in winter and congregating in deep spots where the photosynthesis of aquatic plants provides oxygen.\u00a0Larvae are seen in spring.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Haliplids are among the many shy, retiring insects who live their lives off our radar, simply because their lives don\u2019t impact ours in any economic way (\u201c<em>man is the measure of all things<\/em>,\u201d said the BugLady\u2019s high school English teacher).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The BugLady photographs aquatic invertebrates as they swim around in a white, plastic spoon.\u00a0 Crawling water beetles do not stop and pose.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/262970\/bgpage,\u00a0https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/938881\/bgimage\">View some better pictures<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Go outside.\u00a0Name stuff!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"taxonomy-post_tag wp-block-post-terms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/beetles\/\" rel=\"tag\">Beetles<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/bugs\/\" rel=\"tag\">bugs<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/crawling-water-beetles\/\" rel=\"tag\">Crawling Water Beetles<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/insects\/\" rel=\"tag\">insects<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/tag\/larvaes\/\" rel=\"tag\">larvaes<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Howdy, BugFans, May is National Wetlands Month, and the BugLady is celebrating by re-posting episodes about aquatic critters from deep in the BOTW archives (this one is from 2012, with some new words added). The BugLady heard an interesting interview &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32664,"featured_media":14927,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[30,607,810,614,787],"class_list":["post-14924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-beetles","tag-bugs","tag-crawling-water-beetles","tag-insects","tag-larvaes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Field Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/wetlands-month-i-crawling-water-beetle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wetlands Month I - Crawling Water Beetle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Howdy, BugFans, May is National Wetlands Month, and the BugLady is celebrating by re-posting episodes about aquatic critters from deep in the BOTW archives (this one is from 2012, with some new words added). 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