{"id":13405,"date":"2022-12-28T09:25:49","date_gmt":"2022-12-28T15:25:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=13405"},"modified":"2023-01-04T08:30:21","modified_gmt":"2023-01-04T14:30:21","slug":"red-velvet-mite-again","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/red-velvet-mite-again\/","title":{"rendered":"Red Velvet Mite, Again"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Salutations, BugFans,<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re in the trough between Christmas and New Year\u2019s Day.\u00a0 No-one knows exactly what day of the week it is, but whatever is on TV is sure to be a rerun. This BOTW is, too (well \u2013 a few new words). And a few corrections &#8211; when she posted the original episode in 2011, the BugLady threw in a few extra \u201ch\u2019s\u201d where there aren\u2019t supposed to be any \u2013 she misspelled both the (probable) family and the genus. They should be <em>Trombidiidae<\/em> and <em>Trombium<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/rd-vlvt-mite11-15.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-13409\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/rd-vlvt-mite11-15-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"red velvet mite on ground\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/rd-vlvt-mite11-15-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/rd-vlvt-mite11-15-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/rd-vlvt-mite11-15.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>The BugLady has forever been amazed by Red Velvet Mites. Is there anything more unlikely than a wee arachnid that looks like a plump, brilliantly red plush Beanie Baby (though the BOTW series has been filled with the \u201cunlikely\u201d)? But seriously, why would a critter that dwells in soil and leaf litter bother to be so fancy?<\/p>\n<p>There are mites everywhere, in every habitat around the world, including on your person (we\u2019re never really alone). The more-than-2000 species of mites are a very diverse and, because many are vanishingly small, a mostly overlooked crew. Mites (subclass <em>Acari<\/em> or <em>Acarina<\/em>) are the biggest group within the spider\/tick\/mite bunch, Class <em>Arachnida<\/em> &#8211; the home of the eight-legged. Unlike true spiders, you can\u2019t easily see where a mite\u2019s cephalothorax (front end) stops and its abdomen (rear end) begins. Mite lifestyles vary tremendously, and immature mites (nymphs) generally make their living in a different manner than the adults. The common name Red Velvet Mite is a generic term for a bunch of sometimes-unrelated mites that happen to be red.<\/p>\n<p>The RVM du jour is in the family (probably) <em>Trombidiidae<\/em> (you need a side-view of the mouthparts to confirm their family, but the BugLady is, as always, willing to go out on a taxonomic limb here), and in the genus (maybe) Trombium, which prefers moist, organic soils. At about 5mm long, it is considered a giant among mites, except for the Giant RVM (more on GRVMs later). Scientists suspect that some of those red hairs may act as sensors in the mite\u2019s often- gloomy world. While the eight legs of many other arachnids appear to radiate from a central point, spreading out like spokes on a wheel, the RVMs\u2019 legs sprout from four spots on the underside of the cephalothorax. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cirrusimage.com\/Arachnid_velvet_mite\/\">For a ventral view, check this out.<\/a> <i class=\"fa fa-external-link\"><\/i><\/p>\n<p>The RVM\u2019s on-line presence is dominated by pictures (with occasional YouTube appearances) and misinformation. Pictures because the RVM is so photogenic, and misinformation because the mite bunch includes the even-tinier, similar-looking Red Spider and Clover Mites (family <em>Tetranychidae<\/em>) that feed on flowers, and the Harvest Mites (family <em>Trombiculidae<\/em>) whose offspring are the notorious chiggers. And that\u2019s almost enough Latin for today.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/plnthppr-mite11-1b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-13408\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/plnthppr-mite11-1b-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"mite on leaf\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>Exterminators and some gardening websites lump them all and espouse universal mite-i-cide (and many Bloggers pass along the \u201cfacts\u201d they pick up at these sites).\u00a0 But, neither adult nor immature Trombid RVMs bite your plants or your pets or you. Young RVMs are parasites (blood-suckers) on grasshoppers, daddy long-legs, beetles and other ground-dwelling, cold-blooded critters (including plant hoppers, apparently), which they attach to and ride around on. Adult RVMs eat insect eggs and prey on very small invertebrates (including antsz\u2014the BugLady isn\u2019t sure, in the ant-mite picture, exactly who was inviting whom out to dinner, but both ants and RVMs will take on prey that\u2019s larger that they are). <a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/rd-vlvt-mite11-14.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-13410\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/rd-vlvt-mite11-14-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"red velvet mite with ant\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/rd-vlvt-mite11-14-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/rd-vlvt-mite11-14-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2023\/01\/rd-vlvt-mite11-14.jpg 598w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>If RVMs are on your plants, they\u2019re hunting for something you probably don\u2019t want there. Because they consume some insects that are plant pests, and because they eat the animals that eat the fungi and bacteria that carry out the important work of decomposition, RVMs are considered helpful to ecosystems.<\/p>\n<p>They have an exotic love life, described by scientists Liam Henaghan and George Hammond, as \u201cnot to be missed.\u201d A male places his sperm droplets on elevated surfaces like twigs and grass blades, creating what Heneghan calls a \u201clove garden\u201d and what Hammond (possibly not a romanticist) compares to \u201ctiny golf balls on tees.\u201d Then the male issues an invitation to the female in the form of an intricately woven trail of silk (\u201cIn Xanadu did Kubla Khan a stately pleasure dome decree.\u201d). If she is dazzled by his artistry, she will enter the garden and sit on\/pick up the sperm, but if a rival male encounters the garden, he will trash it and substitute his own genetic material. Eggs are deposited in the soil, where a newly-hatched larva will find its first meal ticket. The young RVM larva goes through several stages before molting into an adult.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RVMs in the News:<\/strong> If you think a 5mm RVM is fun, how about a 12mm (half-inch) RVM? The Giant RVM (<em>Dinothrombium<\/em> sp.) lives in some parts of North America, especially the Southwest. They\u2019re also called Rain Bugs, because they emerge and feed after it rains (some species have both spotted and unspotted individuals, and the BugLady thought that <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/435107\/bgimage\">this one was pretty cool<\/a>. <i class=\"fa fa-external-link\"><\/i> An equally large GRVM (<em>Trombium grandissimum<\/em>) lives in India and is sold in the bazaars there. The deep, red GRVM oil is used to treat paralysis and is also called \u201cIndian Viagra. Recent scientific studies indicate that various GRVM components have both antifungal and antibacterial properties.<\/p>\n<p>And their awesome red color?? Aposematism (warning coloration)! Red is one of Mother Nature\u2019s warning colors, used to advertise that its wearer is poisonous or distasteful or both. Scientists who were curious about the somewhat-related Red Water Mite, of previous BOTW fame, powdered some and tried to feed the powder to fish (which turned up their noses). They expanded their experiment to include powdered terrestrial RVMs and got the same reaction from the fish. There are accounts of intrepid researchers who consumed RVMs and wished they hadn\u2019t, but the source of the \u201cflavor\u201d is not known. Scientists speculate that the bad taste developed after the color, in order to protect this very conspicuous critter from predators. They also think that the orange pigments may offer some protection against the sun\u2014RVMs desiccate easily, and some genera produce a waxy substance to coat themselves against water loss. The BugLady could not find any accounts of any RVM predators, and researcher George Hammond (the \u201cgolf tee\u201d guy) reports &#8220;I&#8217;ve put them on an anthill and no ant would touch them.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The BugLady<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Salutations, BugFans, We\u2019re in the trough between Christmas and New Year\u2019s Day.\u00a0 No-one knows exactly what day of the week it is, but whatever is on TV is sure to be a rerun. This BOTW is, too (well \u2013 a &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19040,"featured_media":13411,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Field Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/red-velvet-mite-again\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Red Velvet Mite, Again\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Salutations, BugFans, We\u2019re in the trough between Christmas and New Year\u2019s Day.\u00a0 No-one knows exactly what day of the week it is, but whatever is on TV is sure to be a rerun. 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