{"id":13193,"date":"2022-08-24T13:29:31","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T18:29:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=13193"},"modified":"2022-08-24T13:47:28","modified_gmt":"2022-08-24T18:47:28","slug":"great-blue-skimmer-dragonfly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/great-blue-skimmer-dragonfly\/","title":{"rendered":"Great Blue Skimmer Dragonfly"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><small>Note: All links below go to external sites.<\/small><\/p>\n<p>Howdy, BugFans,<\/p>\n<p>The BugLady was looking for bugs in Kohler-Andrae State Park in late July when a large dragonfly flew across the trail and landed about 12 feet up on some shrubs. She took a picture from about 25 feet away, looked at the camera\u2019s screen, and got pretty excited. The dragonfly\u2019s abdomen was dark blue, but it was larger than the blue-bodied, black-eyed <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/2018015\/bgimage\">Slaty Skimmers<\/a> that she\u2019s familiar with. She stalked it and got two pictures of it before it departed \u2013 one was bad, and the other was worse, and that\u2019s the way it goes sometimes.<\/p>\n<p>She massaged the pictures so that the operative field marks \u2013 eye color, markings on the wings, and color of the stigma (the pigmented spot toward the outer margin of the wing) \u2013 were \u201cvisible,\u201d and then she sent them off to some people who are smarter than she is. The verdict? It was a Great Blue Skimmer, a dragonfly that\u2019s rare in Wisconsin (thanks, Dan and BugFan Freda). According to the wonderful, searchable <a href=\"https:\/\/wiatri.net\/inventory\/odonata\/\">Wisconsin Odonata Survey<\/a> website, Great Blue Skimmers have been recorded in only five of the past 15 years, and most of those years saw only one or two individuals. This year has been exceptional &#8211; there have been almost a dozen reports, some of several males in the same location.<\/p>\n<p>Great Blue Skimmers are common across the Southeast, but they wander north, sometimes as far north as Massachusetts, and rarely, Maine and Ontario. One source referred to them as migrants, but that implies a return trip (only about 15 of the 331 North American dragonfly species are migratory (and a few of the damselflies roam a bit) \u2013 here\u2019s the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xerces.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-05\/12-036_01_MDP_Field_Guide_4-4-2013Websec.pdf\">Xerces Society\u2019s Guide<\/a>. In <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Dragonflies and Damselflies of the East<\/span>, Dennis Paulson speculates that climate change may be allowing these skimmers to extend their range northwards, but he also wonders whether wet periods in the East may drive their episodic range expansions.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13195 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2022\/08\/skimmer-grt-blue22-2-300x214.jpg\" alt=\"Bug carrying dead leaf\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2022\/08\/skimmer-grt-blue22-2-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2022\/08\/skimmer-grt-blue22-2.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Great Blue Skimmers (<em>Libellula vibrans<\/em>) are in the Skimmer family Libellulidae. Members of the genus<em> Libellula<\/em> are called the King Skimmers \u2013 large, often flashy, aggressive dragonflies that dominate the sunny ponds where they live. At almost 2.5\u201d long, Great Blue Skimmers are the largest of the skimmers. Their \u201cplumage\u201d changes depending on age and sex \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/182934\/bgimage\">young females<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1936981\/bgimage\">young males<\/a> have yellow abdomens with a black stripe. <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/700746\/bgimage\">Older females<\/a> turn a dull brown with blue-ish to reddish-brown eyes, and <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/787748\/bgimage\">mature males<\/a> are a spectacular blue, with teal-colored eyes. Like many dragonflies, the intensity of the adult colors is softened somewhat as it ages by tiny wax particles called pruinescence, which produce a hoary appearance. They have <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/110122\/bgimage\">white faces and pale, unstriped thoraxes<\/a>, and the amount of black wrapping the tips of the wings is variable.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t look for them over sunny ponds with the other King Skimmers \u2013 these are dragonflies of the dappled sunlight of woodlands, edges, and roads through wetlands and bottomlands, where they may be the only dragonflies around. They perch on twigs (at eye level and easy to photograph, said one source; at five to ten feet above the ground, said another).<\/p>\n<p>Males vigorously defend stretches of ponds that look like good spots for a female to oviposit \u2013 Great Blue Skimmers prefer shallow, wooded pools and ponds, swamps, ditches, and very slow-moving sections of streams (and there are reports of females ovipositing in muddy tire tracks). Paulson says that they like <em>\u201cdark, mucky water.\u201d<\/em> They <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1664022\/bgimage\">mate<\/a> (very briefly), and then he releases her, but he guards her from the air (\u201chover guarding\u201d) and shoos away rival males as she lays eggs.<\/p>\n<p>She has a unique approach to ovipositing \u2013 she flies down to the water\u2019s surface with eggs at the ready (scroll way down for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marylandbiodiversity.com\/view\/740\">picture of eggs<\/a>), then she dips down and uses her abdomen to scoop and splash a bit of water, plus eggs, up to six inches away (<em>\u201cShe may splash eggs and water onto the bank, presumably for a rainy day,\u201d<\/em> says Legler, in <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Dragonflies of Wisconsin<\/span>). <a href=\"https:\/\/waltersanford.wordpress.com\/2012\/07\/16\/great-blue-skimmer-dragonflies-mating-pair-fe\/\">Watch the video<\/a> to see her technique. The drops of water are thought to help the eggs adhere to land. When the eggs hatch, the tiny naiads crawl into the water.<\/p>\n<p>As always, both the aerial adults and the aquatic naiads are carnivorous \u2013 the adults spot their insect prey from perches in the shade and fly out to grab it, a behavior called \u201chawking,\u201d and their menu includes smaller dragonflies.<\/p>\n<p>The BugLady doesn\u2019t care how common this dragonfly is within its range, it distresses her to find ads offering pinned specimens for <em>\u201c$40 to $60 depending on quality and sex\u201d<\/em> (which also sounds caveat emptor-ish to her).<\/p>\n<p>The BugLady attempts a lot of Hail Mary Shots of dragonflies in flight (in fact, a recent shot of distant Common Green Darners flying in tandem seems to have an equally-distant Great Blue Skimmer in it), but most of them end up on the cutting room floor. She\u2019d like to give a shout-out to this <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/231364\/bgimage\">one<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>The BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n<p>And speaking of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/first-us-sighting-of-massive-atlas-moth-confirmed-180980617\/?utm_source=smithsoniandaily&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=20220822-daily-responsive&amp;spMailingID=47269440&amp;spUserID=ODg4Mzc3MzY0MTUyS0&amp;spJobID=2302313711&amp;spReportId=MjMwMjMxMzcxMQS2\">rare Lepidopterans<\/a> \u2013 heads-up in the Pacific Northwest.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Note: All links below go to external sites. Howdy, BugFans, The BugLady was looking for bugs in Kohler-Andrae State Park in late July when a large dragonfly flew across the trail and landed about 12 feet up on some shrubs. &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32664,"featured_media":13194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[607,11,79],"class_list":["post-13193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-bugs","tag-dragonflies","tag-moths"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Field Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/great-blue-skimmer-dragonfly\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Great Blue Skimmer Dragonfly\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Note: All links below go to external sites. 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