{"id":12622,"date":"2021-12-01T11:36:11","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T17:36:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=12622"},"modified":"2021-12-01T11:37:34","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T17:37:34","slug":"the-elegant-opossum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/the-elegant-opossum\/","title":{"rendered":"The Elegant Opossum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Salutations,\u00a0Bug<\/span>Fans,<\/p>\n

The<\/span>\u00a0other night,\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0Bug<\/span>Lady\u2019s cat started pacing back and forth on\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0window sills, peering out and yowling.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>\u00a0Bug<\/span>Lady turned on an outside light and saw a possum under\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0bird feeder (which is great, because\u00a0the<\/span>y clean up\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0sunflower seed\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0squirrels spill by day).\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>\u00a0cat barely looks at\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0six, chunky squirrels he sees on\u00a0the<\/span> feeder by day, but possums and stray cats really get him going.\u00a0 Today\u2019s BOTW is revised from an article that she wrote for the<\/span>\u00a0newsletter\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0Friends\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0Cedarburg Bog in\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0spring\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a02014.<\/p>\n

Possums\/Opossums\/Virginia opossums (Didelphus virginianus<\/i>) are\u00a0of<\/span>ten referred to as overgrown rats, which is totally\u00a0of<\/span>f\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0mark, taxonomically speaking.\u00a0 Not rodents,\u00a0the<\/span>y are marsupials, distantly related to kangaroos.\u00a0 Remarkably adaptable, generalist omnivores, nomadic, and mainly nocturnal, possums are at home everywhere.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>y are increasingly successful urban and suburban dwellers, but\u00a0the<\/span>ir preferred habitats are woodlands and farmlands with water nearby, and\u00a0the<\/span>y are good swimmers.<\/p>\n

\"The\"The<\/i><\/p>\n

What\u2019s in a name?\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>\u00a0Algonquins called\u00a0the<\/span>m \u201caposoum<\/i>,\u201d meaning \u201cwhite animal<\/i>.\u201d \u00a0That word was corrupted by Captain John Smith, who called\u00a0the<\/span>m \u201copossums<\/i>.\u201d In 1608, Smith wrote that, \u201cAn Opassum hath a head like a Swine, a taile like a rat and is\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0bignes\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0a Cat. Under her belly she hath a bagge wherein she lodgeth, carrieth, and sucketh her young<\/i>.\u201d<\/p>\n

No story about opossums would be complete without an account\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0the<\/span>ir remarkable spread throughout North America.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>y originated in Central America, and by 1492 had established\u00a0the<\/span>mselves across\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0southeastern quadrant\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0US.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>y moved north and west as\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0settlers cleared\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0great forests and made roads (the<\/span>y were undoubtedly less prone to becoming roadkill in\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0horse and\u00a0bug<\/span>gy days).\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>y probably reached Wisconsin before statehood, and\u00a0the<\/span>ir populations increased dramatically in\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a01900\u2019s.\u00a0 Today, opossums live in much\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0country east\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0Rockies, and\u00a0the<\/span>y\u2019re also found along\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0Pacific coast, where\u00a0the<\/span>y were introduced.<\/p>\n

The<\/span>y shouldn\u2019t be here.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>se are southern animals whose coats are not well insulated and whose hairless ears and tail-tips freeze and crack.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>y\u2019re not equipped physiologically to hibernate, though\u00a0the<\/span>y do retreat to winter dens and sleep for several days at a time without\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0true hibernator\u2019s drop in body temperature.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>n\u00a0the<\/span>y must forage for food.<\/p>\n

\"The \"The<\/i><\/p>\n

Fortunately for\u00a0the<\/span>m, food is everywhere.\u00a0 As \u201copportunistic omnivores,\u201d\u00a0the<\/span>y\u2019ll eat just about anything\u00a0the<\/span>y find – fruit, insects, frogs, slugs, garbage, and dead animals, aided by an extra-efficient immune system that is typical\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0carrion eaters.\u00a0 Cars, dogs, coyotes, Great Horned Owls, hawks and winter weather take\u00a0the<\/span>ir toll on possums, and so do humans, who hunt and eat\u00a0the<\/span>m, (caveat emptor<\/i>\u00a0– possums are host to a couple dozen kinds\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0internal parasites).\u00a0 Some cultures believe that\u00a0the<\/span>ir meat has medicinal properties<\/p>\n

The<\/span>y are relatively unaffected by\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0bites\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0rattlesnakes, and\u00a0the<\/span>y rarely transmit rabies (the<\/span>ir body temperatures are too low to entertain\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0virus).\u00a0 Possums seldom live more than two years.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/i><\/p>\n

An alarmed possum may show all 50 teeth (which is a lot\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0teeth for a mammal), hiss, growl, or run away, but\u00a0the<\/span>y\u2019re famous for \u201cplaying possum,\u201d an involuntary response to great stress.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>\u00a0\u201cdead\u201d animal curls up with eyes half-closed, stiffens, bares its teeth, salivates, and releases a bad-smelling musk and some green poop, any or all\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0which is enough to discourage most predators.\u00a0 This catatonic state may last for minutes or hours, until twitching ears signal that\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0opossum is reviving enough to monitor its surroundings.<\/p>\n

Typical\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0marsupials, opossum young have a short gestation period (about two\u00a0week<\/span>s) and are tiny and embryonic-looking when\u00a0the<\/span>y\u2019re born.\u00a0 At birth, a honeybee-sized opossum must find its way to\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0female\u2019s pouch, using its muscular front legs to crawl across her belly.\u00a0 She may bear as many as 25 young, but most don\u2019t make it to her pouch, and\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0usual litter is about seven.\u00a0 Those that do will stay\u00a0the<\/span>re for\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0next two or three months until\u00a0the<\/span>y are mouse-sized, and\u00a0the<\/span>y ride on\u00a0the<\/span>ir mother\u2019s back after\u00a0the<\/span>y leave\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0pouch.<\/p>\n

\"The \"The<\/i><\/p>\n

Males don\u2019t assist with\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0child-rearing, and females are fairly indifferent to\u00a0the<\/span>ir young after\u00a0the<\/span>y have emerged from\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0pouch.\u00a0 According to\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0folks at\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0Animal Diversity Web (who post some great, comprehensive biographies\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0lots\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0animals) females\u00a0of<\/span>ten lick\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0outside\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0the<\/span>ir pouch when\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0young are in residence, which led to\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0folk belief that \u201cVirginia opossums breed with\u00a0the<\/span>ir noses and afterward,\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0young crawl from\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0female\u2019s nostrils into her pouch.<\/i>\u201d<\/p>\n

\"The \"The<\/i><\/p>\n

Opossums have prehensile tails that\u00a0the<\/span>y use for balance while running, as a fifth hand while climbing, and for carrying leaves and grass back to\u00a0the<\/span>ir dens.\u00a0 A young animal may hang by its tail briefly, but adults are too heavy.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>y also have opposable thumbs.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>\u00a0Bug<\/span>Lady loves finding\u00a0the<\/span>ir tracks in\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0snow \u2013\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0star-shaped front paws and\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0wide-bodied, low clearance sashay through deeper snow, complete with tail drag.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/i><\/p>\n

Oh yes \u2013 about this one picture.\u00a0 The<\/span>\u00a0Bug<\/span>Lady used to get a deer rib cage from a local hunter and install it on\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0crossbar\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0swing set.\u00a0 Instant suet feeder.\u00a0\u00a0The<\/span>\u00a0birds (and beasts) loved it.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The<\/span>\u00a0Bug<\/span>Lady<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Salutations,\u00a0BugFans, The\u00a0other night,\u00a0the\u00a0BugLady\u2019s cat started pacing back and forth on\u00a0the\u00a0window sills, peering out and yowling.\u00a0\u00a0The\u00a0BugLady turned on an outside light and saw a possum under\u00a0the\u00a0bird feeder (which is great, because\u00a0they clean up\u00a0the\u00a0sunflower seed\u00a0the\u00a0squirrels spill by day).\u00a0\u00a0The\u00a0cat barely looks at\u00a0the\u00a0six, chunky …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30795,"featured_media":12623,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week"],"yoast_head":"\nField Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/the-elegant-opossum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Elegant Opossum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Salutations,\u00a0BugFans, The\u00a0other night,\u00a0the\u00a0BugLady\u2019s cat started pacing back and forth on\u00a0the\u00a0window sills, peering out and yowling.\u00a0\u00a0The\u00a0BugLady turned on an outside light and saw a possum under\u00a0the\u00a0bird feeder (which is great, because\u00a0they clean up\u00a0the\u00a0sunflower seed\u00a0the\u00a0squirrels spill by day).\u00a0\u00a0The\u00a0cat barely looks at\u00a0the\u00a0six, chunky …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/the-elegant-opossum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Field Station\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-01T17:36:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-12-01T17:37:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2021\/12\/possum07-10rz-e1638380243146.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"253\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"260\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/the-elegant-opossum\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/the-elegant-opossum\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"The Elegant Opossum\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-01T17:36:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-01T17:37:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/the-elegant-opossum\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":899,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/the-elegant-opossum\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/380\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/possum07-10rz-e1638380243146.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Bug of the Week\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/the-elegant-opossum\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/the-elegant-opossum\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Elegant Opossum - 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