{"id":12007,"date":"2021-01-20T14:38:38","date_gmt":"2021-01-20T20:38:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=12007"},"modified":"2021-01-20T14:44:08","modified_gmt":"2021-01-20T20:44:08","slug":"wildflower-watch-water-hemlock","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/wildflower-watch-water-hemlock\/","title":{"rendered":"Wildflower Watch \u2013Water Hemlock"},"content":{"rendered":"

Howdy, BugFans,<\/p>\n

In mid-summer, water hemlock bloomed lushly in the swamps at the north end of the Bog.<\/p>\n

A note about water hemlock (Cicuta maculata<\/em>), a wetland plant that looks like Queen Anne\u2019s lace on steroids. It\u2019s related to the plant that killed Socrates but is in a different genus, and it\u2019s probably the most poisonous plant in the Western hemisphere – to taste, not to touch. It can kill you within 20 minutes of eating it.\u00a0 Cicutoxin is a central nervous system stimulant that causes severe seizures and respiratory paralysis. Some books say that the root \u201csmells edible\u201d (insert BugLady eye roll here), and some people have mistaken it for the root of the edible Wild parsnip (which looks completely different to the BugLady, has yellow flowers, and grows in uplands instead of wetlands). All parts are poison (the insects are unaffected), especially the stem and root. The seeds, the least-poisonous part of the plant, look like fennel, anise, and dill seeds, and other members of the carrot family \u2013 wild food browsers beware. Despite its toxicity, small amounts of the plant were used medicinally by Native Americans, and they employed violent purges to treat accidental ingestion.<\/p>\n

Anyway, the plants were hopping for about two weeks. Here are some of the insects that the BugLady saw. The stars of most of them are not hitched to water hemlock, it\u2019s just that there was a ton of it in bloom and not much of anything else.<\/p>\n

\"Bi-colored<\/a>BI-COLORED PYRAUSTA<\/strong>
\nAn eye-catching, day-flying moth in the Crambid\/snout moth family with a wingspan of just under \u00be\u201d. It inhabits the eastern US from Texas, and its host plants are probably mints (lots of gaps in its biography). Pyrausta is Greek for \u201ca winged insect that lives in fire.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Carrot<\/a>CARROT WASP or Gasteruption<\/strong>
\nWhat a cool little wasp, with its high-arced abdomen!\u00a0 Bugguide.net says that \u201cGasteruption have a characteristic hovering flight with the swollen metatibiae hanging down so that the insect resembles a helicopter carrying a large load on a cable.<\/em>\u201d Since the BugLady has seen a helicopter carrying a large load on a cable, she will look at it with different eyes next summer. Adults are found on flowers, but their larvae are carnivores, living within the nests of cavity-dwelling, solitary bees and feeding on their larvae.<\/p>\n

I\"Icneumon<\/a>CHNEUMON WASP, AROTES<\/strong>
\nAnother classy wasp! Bugguide.net describes Arotes as \u201cA group of boldly-patterned, medium-sized ichneumons.<\/em>\u201d The larvae of Ichneumons are mostly parasites of immature invertebrates; Arotes favors beetles – members of the metallic wood-boring, the long-horned, the false darkling, and the tumbling flower beetle families, all of which are found under bark.<\/p>\n

\"Peachtree<\/a>PEACHTREE BORER MOTH<\/strong>
\nEach summer, hummingbird clearwing moths dance around the BugLady, mocking her camera. The Peachtree borer is from the other clearwing moth family Sesiidae, many of which are wasp-mimics (note the scale-free and therefore clear portions of the wings). Lots of internet Wanted Posters on the Peachtree borer because of the damage done by its larvae as they tunnel around within the roots and lower trunk of commercial peach, plum, and cherry trees. They are sexually dimorphic (two forms), with the more colorful female<\/a> and the equally spectacular male<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Phantom<\/a>PHANTOM CRANE FLY<\/strong>
\nThe BugLady usually sees these exquisite little flies drifting in and out of the shadows at the edges of wetlands (their larvae live in the mud<\/a>). She was surprised to see this one sprawled on flower clusters (umbels). Some sources say that the adults don\u2019t eat much, but others say that they feed on nectar.<\/p>\n

\"White-Striped<\/a>WHITE-STRIPED BLACK MOTH<\/strong>
\nSometimes when she\u2019s leading a field trip, the BugLady asks people what they would name the plants and animals we see. This little moth is a no-brainer. According to Sogaard, in Moths and Caterpillars of the North Woods, Black-striped white moths have very sensitive \u201cbat-detectors<\/em>,\u201d structures that are superfluous in a day-flying species. This suggests that the day-flying habit is relatively recently acquired.<\/p>\n

\"Sweat<\/a>SWEAT BEE<\/strong>
\nThere are three species of sweat bee in the genus Augochloropsis<\/em> \u2013 this is probably the Metallic epaulleted [sic]-sweat bee (A. metallica<\/em>). Sweat bees are important native pollinators that visit a wide variety of flowers, and sometimes also eat honeydew from aphids. Female Augochloropsis dig a tunnel straight down into the earth and then make a lateral tunnel off of it. There they make cells for their eggs and provision them with pollen and nectar.<\/p>\n

\"Red-Shouldered<\/a>RED-SHOULDERED PINE BEETLES<\/strong>
\nThese are members of the Long-horned beetle family Cerambycidae<\/em>, whose larvae are often wood borers. Red-shouldered pine beetle larvae live in dead and decaying pine, hemlock, and fir, where their excavations help get the decomposition ball rolling.<\/p>\n

\"Banded<\/a>BANDED HAIRSTREAK<\/strong>
\nSmall, drab (unless newly-minted<\/a>) butterflies – the BugLady searched for picture of one with its wings open, but she couldn\u2019t find one. This is a butterfly of fields, edges, and open woodlands; males perch on vegetation to check their territory for females and for rivals (who they chase vigorously). It is suspected that ants may care for the caterpillars<\/a>, as they do for some species of Azure caterpillars.<\/p>\n

\"Gray<\/a>GRAY COMMA<\/strong>
\nAdults don\u2019t visit flowers much; they get their nutrients from sap flows on damaged trees. In the Bog, gooseberries are the host plants for its spiny caterpillar<\/a>. Like other \u201canglewings,\u201d the Gray Comma overwinters as an adult, in a sheltered nook called a hibernaculum. The \u201ccomma\u201d on the underside of its wings is more “V-shaped<\/a>.”<\/p>\n

\"Robber<\/a>ROBBER FLY LAPHRIA<\/strong>
\nNot all the insects on the water hemlock were plant feeders. This is Laphria sacrator<\/em> (probably), a fairly common fly of woodlands in the eastern half of the country. Robber flies in the genus Laphria are called the Bee-like\/Bee-mimic robber flies. Several kinds of robber flies surveyed the water hemlocks, looking for flying insects, including smaller robber flies, to tackle in mid-air. Size is no object.<\/p>\n

\"Ichneumon<\/a>GNAMPTOPELTA OBSIDIANATOR<\/strong>
\nThe BugLady saw a few species of insects that were new to her, and this is one of them. For years, she\u2019s been taunted by Thyreodon<\/em> atricolor<\/a>, a spectacular Ichneumon wasp that cruises through the underbrush slowly and without stopping to have its picture made. Gnamptopelta obsidianator<\/em><\/a>\u00a0is its double. An expert on bugguide.net says that \u201cI also have a feeling most of the Gnamptopelta<\/em> images in the guide are misidentified Thyreodon.\u201d Both species have been called Spider wasp mimics, too, though the BugLady is not sure what the advantage is, other than the fact that ichneumons are (relatively) docile and spider wasps have no qualms about stinging.<\/p>\n

As if its scientific name weren\u2019t enough of a mouthful, the BugLady found an equally tongue-twisting common name for Gnamptopelta obsidianator<\/em> – the \u201cBent-shielded Besieger Wasp,\u201d a translation of its scientific name. It is thought that adults may feed on nectar, but it lays its eggs on the caterpillars, especially those found on wild grapes<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Also seen were a click beetle, a tumbling flower beetle, several wasps and yellow jackets, a bald-faced hornet, a grass-carrying wasp (of future BOTW fame), other species of sweat bees, a daddy longlegs, a small spider, ants, a Summer Spring Azure butterfly, several species of syrphid flies, tephritid, tachinid, flesh, soldier, and green bottle flies, a dangling spider egg case, several species of Ichneumon wasps, and a White-faced Meadowhawk taking a rest.<\/p>\n

The BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Howdy, BugFans, In mid-summer, water hemlock bloomed lushly in the swamps at the north end of the Bog. A note about water hemlock (Cicuta maculata), a wetland plant that looks like Queen Anne\u2019s lace on steroids. It\u2019s related to the …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19040,"featured_media":12010,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week"],"yoast_head":"\nField Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/wildflower-watch-water-hemlock\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wildflower Watch \u2013Water Hemlock\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Howdy, BugFans, In mid-summer, water hemlock bloomed lushly in the swamps at the north end of the Bog. 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