{"id":11927,"date":"2020-11-25T15:16:01","date_gmt":"2020-11-25T21:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=11927"},"modified":"2024-12-26T15:53:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:53:08","slug":"square-headed-wasp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/","title":{"rendered":"Square-Headed Wasp"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"default_cursor_cs\">Greetings, BugFans,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The BugLady is living proof that there\u2019s a big difference between looking and seeing. For years, she\u2019s been photographing these little black and yellow wasps and filing them under \u201cPotter wasps,\u201d but she had an \u201c<em>Oh Duh<\/em>\u201d moment this summer, and yeah, yeah\u2014she sees it now. As Henry David Thoreau once said, \u201cWe must look a long time before we can see.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-7rz.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-7rz-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Square-headed wasp\" class=\"wp-image-11932\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-7rz-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-7rz-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-7rz-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-7rz.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"uwm-c-link--external\">So\u2014not <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1906174\/bgimage\">potter wasps \u2014<\/a> these are Square-headed wasps in the family <em>Crabronidae<\/em>.&nbsp; Members of the family were formerly placed in the Thread-waisted wasp family Sphecidae, a family that includes some conspicuous beauties like the Blue mud dauber, the Black and yellow mud dauber, the Great golden digger wasp, and the Great black wasp, but now they\u2019re viewed as a separate family. Stand by for further taxonomic tweaking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We have visited the <em>Crabronidae<\/em> before, in the form of the <a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/sand-wasps\/\">organ-pipe mud daubers<\/a>\u00a0and the <a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/sand-wasps\/\">sand wasps<\/a>. It\u2019s a large and diverse bunch, with about 9,000 species worldwide (1,225 in North America).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The name \u201cSquare-headed wasps\u201d only applies to species in the subfamily Crabroninae, which has 4,700 species (520 here)\u2014a number of sources call them digger wasps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"uwm-c-link--external\">Square-headed wasps are solitary wasps that use their <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1684606\/bgimage\">impressive jaws<\/a> to make nests in the ground, in hollow stems, in the pith of broken stems, and in old galleries (tunnels) chewed in wood by beetle larvae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignright uwm-c-img--right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-8rz.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-8rz-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Square headed wasp\" class=\"wp-image-11930\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-8rz-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-8rz-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-square-headed20-8rz.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"uwm-c-link--external\">Solitary wasps typically create an egg chamber and stuff killed\/stunned\/bitten\/stung spiders and\/or small insects into it (<a href=\"https:\/\/prairieecologist.com\/tag\/ectemnius\/\">scroll down to the fly-stuffed stem<\/a>). Here\u2019s a <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/110413\/bgimage\">Square-headed wasp with a crane fly<\/a>. Mom lays an egg on one of the bodies, closes the chamber up, and moves on. The carnivorous larva hatches out into its own personal pantry stocked with enough food to get it to the pupal stage. Some species of <em>Crabronids<\/em>, like the sand wasp above, do what\u2019s called \u201cprogressive provisioning.&#8221; Instead of providing a cache, the female sticks around her egg tunnels and brings food to her developing young, but Square-headed wasps seem to use the standard method. Many Square-headed wasps are very specific about the kinds of insects they pursue. Adults feed on nectar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"alignleft uwm-c-img--left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-sq-headed09-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-sq-headed09-3-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Square headed wasp\" class=\"wp-image-11929\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-sq-headed09-3-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-sq-headed09-3-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/wasp-sq-headed09-3.jpg 690w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"uwm-c-link--external\">The first question (but never the last, of course) is \u201cwhich Square-headed wasp is this?\u201d Alas, the BugLady can\u2019t provide a definitive answer. She thinks she\u2019s photographed several species, and she\u2019s been squinting at pictures until she\u2019s cross-eyed. She\u2019s guessing that her wasps are either in the genus <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/624516\/bgimage\"><em>Lestica<\/em><\/a> (three species in North America), or <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/1406440\"><em>Ectimnius<\/em><\/a> (27 species), or <a href=\"https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/214928\/bgimage\"><em>Crossocerus<\/em><\/a> the Equilateral Square-headed Wasps (!) (40 species in North America but only a few have yellow markings on the abdomen). They are differentiated by field marks like the sharpness of the longitudinal grooves along the inner eye margin. BugFans are always welcome to weigh in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their MO\u2019s are similar, differing slightly in the medium they pick for their egg chambers and the type of insect they hunt in behalf of their young.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The BugLady gives Thanks for the six-legged and the eight-legged and the no-legged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Greetings, BugFans, The BugLady is living proof that there\u2019s a big difference between looking and seeing. For years, she\u2019s been photographing these little black and yellow wasps and filing them under \u201cPotter wasps,\u201d but she had an \u201cOh Duh\u201d moment &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19040,"featured_media":11931,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[91],"class_list":["post-11927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-wasps"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Field Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Square-Headed Wasp\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Greetings, BugFans, The BugLady is living proof that there\u2019s a big difference between looking and seeing. For years, she\u2019s been photographing these little black and yellow wasps and filing them under \u201cPotter wasps,\u201d but she had an \u201cOh Duh\u201d moment &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Field Station\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-25T21:16:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-26T21:53:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/sq-headed-wasp19-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"572\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"totty@uwm.edu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"totty@uwm.edu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"totty@uwm.edu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/365468c94aabed8a123e6da688a6d5c8\"},\"headline\":\"Square-Headed Wasp\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-25T21:16:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-26T21:53:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":512,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/380\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/sq-headed-wasp19-2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Wasps\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Bug of the Week\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/\",\"name\":\"Square-Headed Wasp - Field Station\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/380\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/sq-headed-wasp19-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-25T21:16:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-26T21:53:08+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/365468c94aabed8a123e6da688a6d5c8\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/380\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/sq-headed-wasp19-2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/380\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/sq-headed-wasp19-2.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":572,\"caption\":\"Square headed wasp\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/square-headed-wasp\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Bug of the Week\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/category\\\/bug-of-the-week\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Square-Headed Wasp\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/\",\"name\":\"Field Station\",\"description\":\"UW-Milwaukee\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uwm.edu\\\/field-station\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/365468c94aabed8a123e6da688a6d5c8\",\"name\":\"totty@uwm.edu\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f1edbe06902c8624b66c8658fae321475d81213bcc5c5560cd86d6e8bab29025?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f1edbe06902c8624b66c8658fae321475d81213bcc5c5560cd86d6e8bab29025?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f1edbe06902c8624b66c8658fae321475d81213bcc5c5560cd86d6e8bab29025?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"totty@uwm.edu\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Field Station","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Square-Headed Wasp","og_description":"Greetings, BugFans, The BugLady is living proof that there\u2019s a big difference between looking and seeing. For years, she\u2019s been photographing these little black and yellow wasps and filing them under \u201cPotter wasps,\u201d but she had an \u201cOh Duh\u201d moment &hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/","og_site_name":"Field Station","article_published_time":"2020-11-25T21:16:01+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-12-26T21:53:08+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":572,"url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/sq-headed-wasp19-2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"totty@uwm.edu","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"totty@uwm.edu","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/"},"author":{"name":"totty@uwm.edu","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/#\/schema\/person\/365468c94aabed8a123e6da688a6d5c8"},"headline":"Square-Headed Wasp","datePublished":"2020-11-25T21:16:01+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-26T21:53:08+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/"},"wordCount":512,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/sq-headed-wasp19-2.jpg","keywords":["Wasps"],"articleSection":["Bug of the Week"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/","name":"Square-Headed Wasp - Field Station","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/sq-headed-wasp19-2.jpg","datePublished":"2020-11-25T21:16:01+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-26T21:53:08+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/#\/schema\/person\/365468c94aabed8a123e6da688a6d5c8"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/sq-headed-wasp19-2.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/11\/sq-headed-wasp19-2.jpg","width":800,"height":572,"caption":"Square headed wasp"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/square-headed-wasp\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Bug of the Week","item":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/category\/bug-of-the-week\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Square-Headed Wasp"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/#website","url":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/","name":"Field Station","description":"UW-Milwaukee","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/#\/schema\/person\/365468c94aabed8a123e6da688a6d5c8","name":"totty@uwm.edu","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f1edbe06902c8624b66c8658fae321475d81213bcc5c5560cd86d6e8bab29025?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f1edbe06902c8624b66c8658fae321475d81213bcc5c5560cd86d6e8bab29025?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f1edbe06902c8624b66c8658fae321475d81213bcc5c5560cd86d6e8bab29025?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"totty@uwm.edu"}}]}},"acf":[],"meta_fields":{"_edit_lock":["1735250002:19861"],"_edit_last":["19861"],"_yoast_wpseo_content_score":["30"],"_expiration-date-status":["saved"],"_thumbnail_id":["11931"],"_yoast_indexnow_last_ping":["1735249890"],"feat_img_video":[""],"feat_img_gallery":[""],"feat_img_caption":["feat-img-caption-on"],"breadcrumbs_display":["breadcrumbs-on"],"otp_nav_display":["otp-on-mobile"],"post_layout":["post-layout-theme"],"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":[""],"_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":[""],"_yoast_wpseo_keywordsynonyms":[""],"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":["3"],"_uwm_wg_content_review_log":["a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:11:\"reviewer_id\";i:0;s:6:\"status\";s:5:\"reset\";s:10:\"entry_date\";s:19:\"2026-03-01 02:10:44\";s:16:\"priority_content\";s:0:\"\";s:4:\"note\";s:43:\"Content review reset at start of new cycle.\";}}"]},"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-17 12:48:37","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19040"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11927"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11927\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15656,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11927\/revisions\/15656"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}