{"id":11591,"date":"2020-06-10T12:15:22","date_gmt":"2020-06-10T17:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=11591"},"modified":"2020-06-10T12:15:22","modified_gmt":"2020-06-10T17:15:22","slug":"closed-for-june-pseudoscorpion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/closed-for-june-pseudoscorpion\/","title":{"rendered":"Closed for June \u2014 Pseudoscorpion"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Greetings, BugFans,<\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">\u201cClosed for June,\u201d but here\u2019s a slightly spruced up episode from 10 years ago, part of a series on household bugs. The BugLady recently found one of these little cuties in her bathroom.<\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Last week, the BugLady raced a storm to get the episode posted \u2014 the electricity went off four minutes after she sent it out. This week, the leading edge of Tropical storm Cristobal has already arrived to drench Wisconsin (and blow it off the map), so she\u2019s getting an early start.<\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">The phylum <em>Arthropoda<\/em> (\u201cjointed legs\u201d) is HUGE and diverse; it includes the Crustaceans (fairy shrimp. daphnia, sowbugs. crayfish, crabs and horseshoe crabs), the Arachnids (spiders, daddy long-legs, scorpions, pseudoscorpions, mites and ticks), the millipedes and centipedes, and the insects. The BugLady looks forward to seeing this exquisite little bathroom-dwelling arthropod during the warmer months, and she was pleased to discover that its life is as interesting as its appearance.<\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">They have names that are substantially longer than the bugs themselves.\u00a0 Pseudoscorpions like today\u2019s star, the Book Scorpion, are in the family <em>Pseudoscorpiones<\/em> in the order <em>Chelonethida\/Pseudoscorpionida<\/em>. There are some 300 species of pseudoscorpions in North America (2500 worldwide), and they come in both indoor and outdoor models. The species that live outside are found under the cover of bark, leaves and soil. They\u2019ve been around for a while \u2014 fossil pseudoscorpions date back 380 million years. They were mentioned by Aristotle and were listed as \u201cland crabs\u201d by Robert Hooke in his amazing 1665 book called <u><a title=\"Original URL: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Micrographia. Click or tap if you trust this link.\" href=\"https:\/\/nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMicrographia&amp;data=02%7C01%7Ctotty%40uwm.edu%7Cd887108d250546557db008d80cd023b6%7C0bca7ac3fcb64efd89eb6de97603cf21%7C1%7C1%7C637273435387801461&amp;sdata=aRKPNhwmR3ZkubEpQ3x%2BZeGfdF4hDXjhrTzmvuYLwwE%3D&amp;reserved=0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Micrographia<\/a><\/u>\u00a0(no, not tiny handwriting \u2013 the other Micrographia\u00a0<a title=\"Original URL: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Micrographia. Click or tap if you trust this link.\" href=\"https:\/\/nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMicrographia&amp;data=02%7C01%7Ctotty%40uwm.edu%7Cd887108d250546557db008d80cd023b6%7C0bca7ac3fcb64efd89eb6de97603cf21%7C1%7C0%7C637273435387811459&amp;sdata=f%2F%2FlekUoIwcjOgS1u2BJJ381yQVVlwZ6w7WXwv7SYQU%3D&amp;reserved=0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Micrographia<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/06\/pseudoscorpion15-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11592\" src=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/06\/pseudoscorpion15-2.jpg\" alt=\"pseudoscorpion\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/06\/pseudoscorpion15-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/06\/pseudoscorpion15-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/06\/pseudoscorpion15-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2020\/06\/pseudoscorpion15-2-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">The common House Pseudoscorpion\/Book scorpion (<i>Chelifer cancroides<\/i>), is one of the larger models, their bodies measuring 0.2\u201d long. (There\u2019s a picture of one sitting cooperatively by a ruler <a title=\"Original URL: https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/966500\/bgimage. Click or tap if you trust this link.\" href=\"https:\/\/nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbugguide.net%2Fnode%2Fview%2F966500%2Fbgimage&amp;data=02%7C01%7Ctotty%40uwm.edu%7Cd887108d250546557db008d80cd023b6%7C0bca7ac3fcb64efd89eb6de97603cf21%7C1%7C1%7C637273435387871428&amp;sdata=FWO8iNRL%2BbTTprt6Jzb3GCr08zMG13fqmInoyeJt8SA%3D&amp;reserved=0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/966500\/bgimage.<\/a>) That means that you could put the eraser of a #2 pencil over one (that actually means that you could put the eraser of a #2 pencil over two of them, with some appendages sticking out at the sides). Pseudoscorpions are flat and wedge-shaped (kind of tick-shaped), and their color has been described as \u201crich mahogany. They have four pairs of legs on which they can walk backwards and sideways as well as forwards, and a set of \u201c<i>pedipalps<\/i>\u201d\/pincers on long appendages that are located in front of the legs. The pincers are armed with poison to subdue their prey and are also used for fighting, for defense, and to build nests. <i>Nota bene<\/i> \u2014 no scorpion stinger at the other end. Pseudoscorpions are roughly tick-shaped, but they\u2019re not ticks and are harmless (and even beneficial) to humans <a title=\"Original URL: https:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/running-ponies\/how-book-scorpions-tend-to-your-dusty-tomes\/. Click or tap if you trust this link.\" href=\"https:\/\/nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.scientificamerican.com%2Frunning-ponies%2Fhow-book-scorpions-tend-to-your-dusty-tomes%2F&amp;data=02%7C01%7Ctotty%40uwm.edu%7Cd887108d250546557db008d80cd023b6%7C0bca7ac3fcb64efd89eb6de97603cf21%7C1%7C1%7C637273435387871428&amp;sdata=FY7Y2SeRb8MR2WNMn8yJv7j7T8HT3HGQZa5IvQZtUB0%3D&amp;reserved=0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/running-ponies\/how-book-scorpions-tend-to-your-dusty-tomes\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">With silk spun from glands on their jaws they make chambers for overwintering, for molting (a vulnerable time), and for brooding. A spider\u2019s silk glands are at the other end. Most pseudoscorpions are eyeless, but long sensory hairs on their pincers suggest that they navigate through life by touch. They practice <i>phoresy \u2014<\/i> that is, they hitchhike on insects in order to get from Point A to Point B. The <i>Wikipedia<\/i>\u00a0entry on Pseudoscorpions has a photo, and here\u2019s a picture of one on an Eyed click beetle\u00a0<a title=\"Original URL: https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/23845. Click or tap if you trust this link.\" href=\"https:\/\/nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbugguide.net%2Fnode%2Fview%2F23845&amp;data=02%7C01%7Ctotty%40uwm.edu%7Cd887108d250546557db008d80cd023b6%7C0bca7ac3fcb64efd89eb6de97603cf21%7C1%7C1%7C637273435387881416&amp;sdata=FG5PpGScycsofDaEBSFA2U6g6w4AOmgtphO0w8%2FIZ%2FQ%3D&amp;reserved=0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/bugguide.net\/node\/view\/23845<\/a>. Most of the specimens that get captured and turned in for identification are adults because, according to one source, older Pseudoscorpions are less agile and more likely to slide down whatever surface they are climbing up, and they find it harder to right themselves after flipping over on their back. The BugLady can relate.<\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Book scorpions are predators. Whether they are hanging out on the BugLady\u2019s bathroom walls or between the pages of a book, they are looking for critters to eat.\u00a0 Their menu includes flies, ants, clothes moths, carpet beetle larvae, mites, book lice, and other pseudoscorpions, and they reportedly like bedbugs.\u00a0 All-on-all, nice little critters to have around.<\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">These tiny, sightless critters have developed an elaborate life cycle. It begins with a courtship dance that may last as long as an hour.\u00a0 Males create a mating territory one-to-two centimeters square, possibly using <i>pheromones<\/i> (scents) to mark its area. According to the\u00a0<u>Little Golden Guide to Spiders and their Kin<\/u> by Levi and Levi, when a female enters his territory, the male waves his pincers, vibrates his abdomen or taps his legs. The couple lock pincers and pull each other back and forth. He eventually guides her to a spermatophore (sperm packet) that he has laid on the ground, and she picks it up. The female carries the fertilized eggs (about two dozen) in a silken sac\/brood pouch attached to her abdomen. The young stay in the sac after hatching and consume a milk-like substance that she produces in her ovaries.\u00a0 Even after they leave the sac, the young may continue to piggy-back on Mom for a while. Young pseudoscorpions molt several times over a year or so before becoming adults. Adults may live for three years \u2014 quite a life span for such a small creature.<\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Fun Pseudoscorpion Fact from the Remarks section in the Pseudoscorpion write-up in\u00a0<a title=\"Original URL: http:\/\/bugguide.net\/. Click or tap if you trust this link.\" href=\"https:\/\/nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbugguide.net%2F&amp;data=02%7C01%7Ctotty%40uwm.edu%7Cd887108d250546557db008d80cd023b6%7C0bca7ac3fcb64efd89eb6de97603cf21%7C1%7C1%7C637273435387881416&amp;sdata=2LzlX0dTSFJpzyUBtqw2byEmFieNBQ36X%2BiFS2o%2F9zw%3D&amp;reserved=0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">bugguide.net<\/a>:\u00a0<i>I remember them being abundant in the chicken houses I was responsible for while growing up and I assume they must have been feeding on bird lice [Troy]<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\"><i>None are known to be parasitic but they feed on arthropods in bird and rodent nests. They are sometimes found on beetles or other large insects where they apparently feed on mites.<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"x_MsoNormal\"><i>The BugLady<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Greetings, BugFans, \u201cClosed for June,\u201d but here\u2019s a slightly spruced up episode from 10 years ago, part of a series on household bugs. The BugLady recently found one of these little cuties in her bathroom. Last week, the BugLady raced &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19040,"featured_media":11593,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[538],"class_list":["post-11591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-pseudoscorpion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Field Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/closed-for-june-pseudoscorpion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Closed for June \u2014 Pseudoscorpion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Greetings, BugFans, \u201cClosed for June,\u201d but here\u2019s a slightly spruced up episode from 10 years ago, part of a series on household bugs. The BugLady recently found one of these little cuties in her bathroom. 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