{"id":11576,"date":"2020-06-03T15:08:08","date_gmt":"2020-06-03T20:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=11576"},"modified":"2020-06-03T15:08:08","modified_gmt":"2020-06-03T20:08:08","slug":"monarch-butterfly-rerun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/monarch-butterfly-rerun\/","title":{"rendered":"Monarch Butterfly Rerun"},"content":{"rendered":"

Howdy, BugFans,<\/p>\n

The BugLady saw her first monarch butterfly about 10 days ago, and today saw the first on her property.\u00a0 Here\u2019s a rerun from two years ago on the status of the monarch, with different pictures, and a few goodies at the end.\u00a0 For up-to-date information, see\u00a0https:\/\/monarchwatch.org\/blog\/category\/monarch-population-status\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s hard for us to wrap our minds around how populations of an organism that occurs by the millions (like the horseshoe crab, of recent BOTW fame) could be threatened.\u00a0 And yet.<\/p>\n

\"monarch<\/a><\/p>\n

In the early 1990s, an estimated 400 million Monarch butterflies (by some accounts, 700 million) overwintered in the mountains west of Mexico City.\u00a0 By 2010, that number had dropped, but it stabilized at around 100 million, though only 33 million were found in the winter of 2013-14.\u00a0 This year\u2019s population (winter of 2017-18) is estimated at 93 million; the biomass of Monarchs went, according to the\u00a0Center for Biological Diversity,<\/i>\u00a0from covering 39 football fields to covering about one.\u00a0 In the mid-1990\u2019s, overwintering butterflies were found on about 44 mountainous acres; in 2013-14 on less than two acres; and this winter, on about 7.5 acres, down about 15% from last year.<\/p>\n

\"caterpillar<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The \u201cEastern Monarchs\u201d that winter in the\u00a0oyamel<\/i>\u00a0fir forests represent the entire migratory population this side of the Rockies.\u00a0 Pacific monarchs, whose numbers are also in steep decline, migrate along the coast to California, and there are non-migratory populations along the Gulf Coast, South Florida, and South Texas.<\/p>\n

Still, 100 million butterflies is a lot of butterflies, right?\u00a0 Not when you consider the impossibility of what they do, which is to undertake a 2,000-plus mile migration, spreading out from a pinpoint in Mexico to cover two-thirds of the continent.\u00a0 Monarchs weigh about one-half of a gram each, which means that a Quarter pounder is equivalent to about 225 Monarchs (the BugLady was told there would be no math).\u00a0 They face the physical dangers of a trip that takes them from as far north as Canada all the way to Central Mexico, where they spend months in resting mode before perking up in late winter and meandering north.\u00a0 The same individuals that left Wisconsin begin the return trip, but their offspring\u2019s offspring tag home here in May.<\/p>\n

\"monarch<\/a><\/p>\n

They face predators, cars, habitat loss, agricultural pesticides, and the shifting seasonal temperatures and increasingly severe weather events precipitated by Global Climate Change (aka Global Weirdness.\u00a0 There were three hurricanes and two tropical storms at the start of the 2017 fall migration period\u00a0http:\/\/monarchwatch.org\/blog\/2017\/09\/15\/forgotten-victims-of-harvey-the-pollinators\/<\/a>).\u00a0 The fall migration of 2017 along the Atlantic Coast was late, with some butterflies lingering into late October and even early November, lulled by unseasonably warm weather, the late migrants left susceptible to storms and freezes.\u00a0 For a rundown on Monarch mortality factors, see \u201cThe State of the Monarch<\/i>,\u201d an August, 2015 BOTW, at\u00a0https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/the-state-of-the-monarch\/<\/a>).\u00a0 The only cushion against mortality factors like that is to maintain a huge population.<\/p>\n

The US Fish and Wildlife Service tells us that \u201cnearly a billion monarchs have vanished from the overwintering sites since 1990<\/i>,\u201d and according to a recent article in USA Today, \u201cA 2016 study by the U.S. Geological Survey concluded that because of ongoing low population levels, there is an 11% to 57% risk that the eastern monarch migration could collapse within the next 20 years<\/i>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Not on our watch!<\/p>\n

\"monarch<\/a><\/p>\n

Milkweed has declined dramatically in agricultural areas in the Midwest, where the Monarch\u2019s population strongholds are (the \u201cMilkweed Limitation Hypothesis\u201d).\u00a0 Planting milkweed for caterpillars (and planting other nectar-bearing wildflowers for adults) as a part of grassland habitat restoration is a good start and it\u2019s pretty and it can\u2019t hurt.\u00a0 Chip Taylor, of Monarch Watch, goes further, saying that \u201cwe need a comprehensive plan on how to manage the fragmented edges and marginal areas created by development and agriculture since it is these edges that support monarchs, many of our pollinators, and the many forms of wildlife that are sustained by the seeds, fruits, nuts, berries, and foliage that result from pollination<\/i>.\u201d\u00a0 Late-blooming, nectar-bearing flowers fuel the fall migration and allow Monarchs to gain the fat reserves that will carry them through the winter.<\/p>\n

Research strongly suggests that limiting the use of glyphosate pesticide use (and getting Climate Change turned around) hold out the greatest hope for Monarchs.\u00a0 For two articles about recent studies, see\u00a0https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioscience\/article\/67\/12\/1080\/4557606<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5627118\/<\/a>\u00a0(there\u00a0is<\/i>\u00a0math)<\/p>\n

\"monarch<\/a><\/p>\n

Finally, the Monarch is under consideration for Endangered Species protection, a decision that was to have been made by June, 2019 (https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/savethemonarch\/SSA.html<\/a>). \u00a0It needs to be on that list so that legal protections will apply.\u00a0 At the time this originally aired, the decision was expected within a few months, but the Fish and Wildlife Service extended their decision until the end of 2020\u00a0https:\/\/monarchjointventure.org\/news-events\/news\/monarch-butterfly-esa-listing-decision-deadline-extended<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[Mildly political aside: And, of course, there needs to\u00a0be<\/i>\u00a0an effective Endangered Species Act\u00a0https:\/\/environment-review.yale.edu\/biodiversity-brink-consequences-weakened-endangered-species-act<\/a>.\u00a0 Wonder what would happen if every school child drew pictures of Monarchs and sent them to their Congress-people and to the Fish and Wildlife Service?]<\/p>\n

Bonus goodies:<\/strong><\/p>\n

An animated map\u00a0https:\/\/maps.journeynorth.org\/map\/?map=monarch-adult-first&year=2020<\/a>\u00a0(the BugLady does love a good animated map);<\/span><\/p>\n

And a magical flight with a hummingbird drone\u00a0https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lWOySU_hAz0<\/a><\/p>\n

Go outside \u2013 plant nectar-producing plants.<\/p>\n

The BugLady<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Howdy, BugFans, The BugLady saw her first monarch butterfly about 10 days ago, and today saw the first on her property.\u00a0 Here\u2019s a rerun from two years ago on the status of the monarch, with different pictures, and a few …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19040,"featured_media":11578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[41,484,537],"class_list":["post-11576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-butterflies","tag-butterfly","tag-monarch"],"yoast_head":"\nField Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/monarch-butterfly-rerun\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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