{"id":10412,"date":"2019-04-24T10:02:01","date_gmt":"2019-04-24T15:02:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/?p=10412"},"modified":"2019-06-26T10:17:45","modified_gmt":"2019-06-26T15:17:45","slug":"three-spring-dragonflies-plus-two","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/three-spring-dragonflies-plus-two\/","title":{"rendered":"Three Spring Dragonflies Plus Two"},"content":{"rendered":"

Salutations, BugFans,<\/p>\n

They\u2019re big, they\u2019re beautiful, and they\u2019re back!\u00a0 <\/p>\n

The BugLady has been out on the trail and has been enjoying the first butterflies and dragonflies of the season.\u00a0 She walked the floating boardwalk at Horicon Marsh the other day \u2013 Common Green Darners everywhere!\u00a0 Makes a person dream that spring might happen!\u00a0<\/p>\n

Anyway, this episode started out nine years ago as \u201cSpring Dragonflies,\u201d continued six years later as \u201cThree Spring Dragonflies plus One,\u201d and reappears today as \u201cThree Spring Dragonflies plus Two.\u201d\u00a0 If you check the BOTW archives, you\u2019ll see that almost all of these species have starred in their own BOTWs. \u00a0<\/p>\n

A genuine, though tentative, sign of spring is the reappearance of COMMON GREEN DARNERS<\/strong>, but the first sightings are usually not home-grown individuals.\u00a0 COMMON GREEN DARNERS (family Aeshnidae<\/em>) (whose scientific name, Anax junius<\/em>, means \u201cLord of June<\/em>\u201d) arrive, often when the snow still lies in sheltered spots, as the insects they prey on take to the air.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The Green Darners that deliver the spring soon lay eggs that hatch into aquatic naiads that take the whole summer to mature.\u00a0 When these offspring make the trip south in fall, their flights along the Lake Michigan shoreline can be inspirational, and it is their offspring that repopulate the North Country with the spring.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> <\/p>\n

In addition to its spring migrants, Wisconsin has non-migratory, resident population of Common Green Darners that emerge at about the time that the migrants have finished breeding and are completing their life cycles.\u00a0 Natives replace migrants in our skies, and their naiads<\/em> overwinter in frigid water under the ice.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

Common Green Darners are big insects, with bodies exceeding three inches and wingspans of four-plus inches.\u00a0 Both sexes have a green thorax, but the male\u2019s abdomen is blue and the female\u2019s is brownish.\u00a0 They have wrap-around compound eyes and a characteristic bulls-eye-like spot in front of their eyes.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

The warming of the water in spring is a powerful and irrevocable trigger.\u00a0 Water changes temperature slowly \u2013 a lot of energy is needed to move it just a few degrees in either direction.\u00a0 The next dragonflies on the scene signal that the water has warmed.\u00a0Their naiads crawl out of the water and out of their nymphal skins, pump up their wings and become creatures of the air, chasing their prey – flashes of wings that the dragonflies spot from perches or while in flight.\u00a0<\/p>\n

[metaslider id=”10425″]<\/p>\n

 
\nCOMMON BASKETTAILS<\/strong> (Epitheca cynosura<\/em>) are drab dragonflies in the Emerald Family (Corduliidae<\/em>).\u00a0 They sport a black spot at the base of each hind wing, muted orange bars on a black abdomen, and short, gray hairs on their thorax.\u00a0 As Cynthia Berger explains in her book Dragonflies, \u201clike real fur, the fuzz helps hold in the heat generated by those muscle contraction [contractions of the flight muscles, which raise the temperature within the thorax]. \u00a0Like darners, they perch vertically rather than horizontally, often hanging down from a twig tip.\u00a0 Baskettails are agile flyers that may be seen in the afternoon hunting in groups above swarms of smaller insects like midges.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

\u201cBaskettail\u201d refers to the \u201cbasket\u201d of eggs a female will carry under her abdomen.\u00a0 According to bugguide.net<\/a>, the genus name Epitheca<\/em> is derived from epi<\/em> (above) and theca<\/em> (pouch or basket); a female carts her eggs around, sometimes all day, abdomen elevated, looking for the right spot to deposit them.\u00a0 She may attach her ball of eggs to a submerged plant and then depart, or she may drag\/tap her abdomen along the water\u2019s surface, unraveling her string of eggs as she goes.\u00a0 In either case, the once-compact egg mass swells into a strand an inch wide and six inches to several feet long (just add water).\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

CHALK-FRONTED CORPORALS<\/strong> (Ladonia julia<\/em>), in the Skimmer family Libellulidae<\/em>, are northern dragonflies that often emerge in early May.\u00a0 Adult males have white \u201ccorporal\u2019s stripes\u201d on the first segment of their thorax and white on the first few abdominal segments.\u00a0 It\u2019s called pruinosity<\/em>, and it\u2019s caused by an opaque, generally white\/blueish-white, waxy substance that develops on the cuticle that covers the dragonfly\u2019s exoskeleton (usually the abdomen, but sometimes other body parts) and gives it a powdered or hoary appearance.\u00a0 Pruinosity is not only a sign of aging, it\u2019s an indicator of breeding readiness.\u00a0 Female Corporals are rusty brown with traces of white markings at the thorax and abdomen, and juveniles are a pinkish-brown with thin \u201cshoulder\u201d stripes and a black line down the center of the abdomen.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Adult Corporals grab flying insects from royal ant\/mosquito-size through small dragonfly-size.\u00a0 They often perch on, bask on, and even hunt from the ground or a rock, and on cool days, hundreds may congregate on warm road surfaces.\u00a0 They are known to follow people and pick off circling mosquitoes and deer flies.\u00a0 Much has been written in these pages about the benefits of aposematic<\/em> (warning) coloration and about the up-side of a prey species mimicking an aposematically-colored insect, but the Corporal appears to have read none of it.\u00a0 In studies of food preferences, Chalk-fronted Corporals chose their prey by size – small prey over large – but they didn\u2019t seem to care if it was wasp-colored or not.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Darners and Baskettails and Corporals \u2013 Oh My!<\/p>\n

And then there are Whitefaces.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

It would be hard to conjure up a more logical name for the DOT-TAILED WHITEFACE<\/strong> (Leucorrhinia intacta<\/em>, family Libellulidae<\/em>).\u00a0 Both males and females have the \u201cdot-tail\u201d and the \u201cwhite face,\u201d though females tend to have a few yellow splotches along the top of the abdomen, and juveniles have, temporarily, even more.\u00a0 Like some of the other early dragonflies, whitefaces have a pretty hairy thorax.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Dot-tailed whitefaces enjoy most kinds of quiet waters – bogs, marshes, swamps, sloughs, farm ponds, and even very slow streams – as long as there are low aquatic plants to perch on.\u00a0 They bask on floating water lily leaves and on the ground, and they don\u2019t gain much altitude when they fly.\u00a0 The BugLady frequently sees them in her grassy field, some distance from water.\u00a0 They emerge by late spring and fly through a good chunk of the summer into early fall.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The DUSKY CLUBTAIL<\/strong> (Phanogomphus spicatus<\/em>) is an early clubtail; look for it from late spring through mid-summer in Wisconsin.\u00a0 The description of Dusky Clubtail behavior in Mead\u2019s lovely Dragonflies of the North Woods<\/em> fits perfectly, \u201cWhen not actively engaged in oviposition, Duskies are likely found far from water, perched in the sunshine on gravel roads, trails or rocks.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Many CLUBTAIL species (family Gomphidae<\/em>) (but not all) are adorned with three noticeably-flared segments at the end of their abdomen that give them their name (a few non-Gomphids sport clubs, too).\u00a0 The \u201cclub-less\u201d clubtails are medium-sized, about 2 to 2 \u00bd inches long, with unspotted wings and striped bodies, and (usually) green, blue or gray eyes, and they have a short flight period during the first half of the dragonfly season.\u00a0 They generally rest, hunt and fly close to the ground.\u00a0 The stocky, young Gomphid naiads tend to burrow shallowly into the substrate, lurking with only their eyes exposed (to spot prey) and the tip of their abdomen (for breathing). Naiads may only crawl part way out of the water before they emerge. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

And then there are Common Whitetails…<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Darners and Baskettails and Corporals and Whitefaces and Clubtails (and Whitetails) \u2013 OH MY!<\/p>\n

 
\nThe BugLady<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

They\u2019re big, they\u2019re beautiful, and they\u2019re back!\u00a0 The BugLady has been out on the trail and has been enjoying the first butterflies and dragonflies of the season.\u00a0 Anyway, this episode started out nine years ago as \u201cSpring Dragonflies,\u201d continued six years later as \u201cThree Spring Dragonflies plus One,\u201d and reappears today as \u201cThree Spring Dragonflies plus Two.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18146,"featured_media":10421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","uwm_wg_additional_authors":[]},"categories":[8],"tags":[11],"class_list":["post-10412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bug-of-the-week","tag-dragonflies"],"yoast_head":"\nField Station<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/three-spring-dragonflies-plus-two\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Three Spring Dragonflies Plus Two\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"They\u2019re big, they\u2019re beautiful, and they\u2019re back!\u00a0 The BugLady has been out on the trail and has been enjoying the first butterflies and dragonflies of the season.\u00a0 Anyway, this episode started out nine years ago as \u201cSpring Dragonflies,\u201d continued six years later as \u201cThree Spring Dragonflies plus One,\u201d and reappears today as \u201cThree Spring Dragonflies plus Two.\u201d\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/three-spring-dragonflies-plus-two\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Field Station\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-04-24T15:02:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-06-26T15:17:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2019\/04\/darner-CG14-11rz.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/three-spring-dragonflies-plus-two\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/three-spring-dragonflies-plus-two\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"Three Spring Dragonflies Plus Two\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-24T15:02:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-06-26T15:17:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/three-spring-dragonflies-plus-two\/\"},\"wordCount\":1238,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/three-spring-dragonflies-plus-two\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/380\/2019\/04\/darner-CG14-11rz.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Dragonflies\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Bug of the Week\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/three-spring-dragonflies-plus-two\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/field-station\/bug-of-the-week\/three-spring-dragonflies-plus-two\/\",\"name\":\"Three Spring Dragonflies Plus Two - 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