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X-WR-CALNAME:Biological Sciences
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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Biological Sciences
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Chicago:20240202T160000
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DTSTAMP:20240126T150935Z
CREATED:20240125T222241Z
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UID:10001336-1706889600-1706893200@uwm.edu
SUMMARY:Biological Sciences Colloquium:  Dr. Alita Burmeister
DESCRIPTION:Title: Trade-offs and Trade-ups in Bacteria-Phage Coevolution \nAbstract: Evolutionary trade-offs are thought to be a fundamental factor constraining adaptation in natural populations. Trade-offs have also been leveraged in the treatment of bacterial infections through selection by phage at the expense of antibiotic resistance. However\, it is currently unknown how widespread and reliable such trade-offs may be. My group is using a combination of experimental evolution and molecular genetics to uncover when such tradeoffs may be in effect. We have discovered the potential for trade-offs between phage resistance and antibiotic resistance mediated by the lytic Escherichia coli phage U136B. We found that phage U136B adsorbs to TolC\, which is an outer membrane protein component of a multidrug efflux pump. Using experimental evolution\, we show that loss or modification of the tolC gene is a common evolutionary response to selection by phage U136B\, whereby some phage resistant mutants have reduced antibiotic resistance. However\, we also found that this trade-off strongly depended on the antibiotic\, type of selection experiment\, and the specific host resistance mutation. In some cases\, bacteria even evaded the trade-off such that phage-resistant mutants had the same or greater antibiotic resistance. In new work\, we are investigating alternative mutational pathways to phage resistance and the impact of host resistance on phage coevolution. Overall\, our results suggest that phage resistance may sometimes\, but not always\, help maintain antibiotic sensitivity in bacterial populations.
URL:https://uwm.edu/biology/event/biological-sciences-colloquium-dr-alita-burmeister/
LOCATION:Lapham Hall\, N101\, 3209 N Maryland Ave\, Milwaukee\, WI\, 53211\, United States
CATEGORIES:Colloquia
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Chicago:20240216T160000
DTEND;TZID=America/Chicago:20240216T170000
DTSTAMP:20240208T182913Z
CREATED:20240208T182347Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240208T182913Z
UID:10001338-1708099200-1708102800@uwm.edu
SUMMARY:Biological Sciences Colloquium:  Dr. Allison Ebert\, Medical College of Wisconsin
DESCRIPTION:Abstract:  My lab uses induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases. We have two main branches of the lab. The first is to understand how viral infection alters neuron and astrocyte differentiation and function. The second is to identify the mechanisms underlying neuron malfunction and loss in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases\, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This presentation will specifically focus on SMA\, which is a leading genetic cause of infant mortality and is characterized by loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord\, skeletal muscle atrophy\, and death. Although motor neuron loss is essential for the development of SMA\, growing evidence suggests that astrocytes are a key component of SMA pathogenesis. We have found that SMA astrocytes exhibit significant morphological and functional abnormalities that occur prior to overt motor neuron loss. We have further shown that astrocytes contribute to the SMA phenotype and do not support motor neuron development and survival\, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. I will discuss our new data identifying neuroinflammatory mediators and altered synaptic associated processes that could contribute to motor neuron loss.
URL:https://uwm.edu/biology/event/biological-sciences-colloquium-dr-allison-ebert-medical-college-of-wisconsin/
LOCATION:Lapham Hall\, N101\, 3209 N Maryland Ave\, Milwaukee\, WI\, 53211\, United States
CATEGORIES:Colloquia
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Chicago:20240223T160000
DTEND;TZID=America/Chicago:20240223T170000
DTSTAMP:20240220T171135Z
CREATED:20240220T171135Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240220T171135Z
UID:10001339-1708704000-1708707600@uwm.edu
SUMMARY:Biological Sciences Colloquium: Dr. Manish Tiwari\, UW Madison
DESCRIPTION:Dr. Manish Tiwari\, Department of Bacteriology\, University of Wisconsin-Madison\, USA E-mail: mtiwari5@wisc.edu\, will present a talk about his work on “Tracking the Ancestry of Nod Factors: Exploring the Realms Beyond Alpha- and Beta-Rhizobia” \nThe Abstract is as follows: \nNod factors produced by rhizobia were identified as lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) more than 30 years ago. These LCOs are required for intracellular infection and nodule organogenesis in most rhizobia-legume associations. The nature of substitutions on the LCO backbone is a significant determinant of host specificity in this symbiosis. About ten years ago\, LCOs were also identified as produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. LCOs across rhizobia and fungi partly explain why several plant genes are required for LCO signal transduction and are involved in the common symbiotic pathway in legumes\, affecting both root nodulation and mycorrhizal associations. \nMore recently\, we demonstrated that LCOs are produced not only by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi but by many fungi across the fungal kingdom (zygomycetes\, ascomycetes\, and basidiomycetes). These fungi exhibit various lifestyles as symbionts\, pathogens\, and saprotrophs; most are not associated with plants. We also demonstrated that many fungi respond to these LCOs in various dose-dependent ways\, suggesting that LCOs could be fungal quorum-sensing-like molecules. \nThe presence of genes potentially allowing the production of LCOs has been reported in Frankia Cluster II bacteria. We identified such genes and demonstrated LCO production in several Gram-positive bacteria\, such as Streptomyces bottropensis and Shimazuella kribbensis\, that do not fix nitrogen or seem to associate with plants. We will present our current model for the origin and role of LCO production in fungi and bacteria.
URL:https://uwm.edu/biology/event/biological-sciences-colloquium-dr-manish-tiwari-uw-madison/
LOCATION:Lapham Hall\, N101\, 3209 N Maryland Ave\, Milwaukee\, WI\, 53211\, United States
CATEGORIES:Colloquia
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